Functional Anatomy by Joint Action & Exercise: Upper Body

by Brent Brookbush DPT, PT, MS, PES, CES, CSCS, ACSM H/FS

Scapula:

Elevation (frontal plane)Depression (frontal plane)
Upward Rotation (frontal plane)Downward Rotation (frontal plane)
Protraction (transverse plane)Retraction (transverse plane)
Anterior Tipping (sagittal plane)

 

Posterior Tipping (sagittal plane)

Shoulder:

Shoulder Flexion (sagittal plane)

 

Shoulder Extension (sagittal plane)

 

Shoulder Adduction (frontal plane)Shoulder Abduction (frontal plane)

 

Horizontal Flexion/Adduction (transverse plane)

 

Horizontal Extension/Abduction (transverse plane)

 

 

Shoulder External Rotation (transverse plane)

 

Shoulder Internal Rotation (transverse plane)

Elbow:

Elbow Flexion (sagittal plane)

  • Brachioradialis

  • Brachialis

  • Biceps Brachii

 

Elbow Extension (sagittal plane)

  • Triceps (all heads)

 

Radioulnar Supination (transverse plane)

  • Supinator

  • Biceps Brachii

  • Brachioradialis

Radioulnar Pronation (transverse plane)

  • Pronator Teres

  • Pronator Quadratus

 

Functional Anatomy of Common Upper Body Exercises:

Exercise: Reverse Fly
Plane:  Transverse
Joint ActionMuscles
ShoulderHorizontal AbductionPosterior Deltoid
ScapulaRetractionMiddle Trapezius, Rhomboids

 

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Exercise: Chest Fly
Plane: Transverse
Joint ActionMuscles
ShoulderHorizontal AdductionPectoralis Major, Anterior Deltoid