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Overhead Squat Assessment 2 - Signs of Dysfunction

The Overhead Squat Assessment 2 is designed to identify signs of dysfunction that can affect performance. Learn how to assess movement patterns to help athletes optimize their performance and reduce risk for injury.

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00:00 - 00:03This is Brent coming at you with our second overhead squad assessment video.
00:03 - 00:07In this video, we're going to go over the signs, that we're likely to see during an
00:07 - 00:10overhead squad assessment. I have a feeling this is where a lot of people
00:10 - 00:15tend to get a little overwhelmed. They have a tendency to think that things are
00:15 - 00:20really complex but the truth of the matter is... is there's only, a fairly small
00:20 - 00:24set of dysfunctions that we are likely to see, in the overhead squad assessment.
00:24 - 00:28And once we systemized those, we break them down by joint action and we list
00:28 - 00:31them. I think you guys will find that the overhead squat assessment is actually
00:31 - 00:37fairly simple. At the feet, we only have two sides. We have feet flatten or feet
00:37 - 00:43turn out. At the lumbo-pelvic hip complex, we have an anterior pelvic tilt. Now, I
00:43 - 00:46know some of you guys have a little bit of a hard time seeing an anterior pelvic
00:46 - 00:50tilt. That's cool. What you're probably more likely to see is low back arch,
00:50 - 00:55which would be the same thing or that excessive lordosis. Excessive forward
00:55 - 01:01lean. An excessive forward lean, is that very, very far tilt and I'll show you
01:01 - 01:05guys how to look for that. We'll look at something called tibia torso angle.
01:05 - 01:08Asymmetric weight shift we'll look at from the back, I know some of you guys
01:08 - 01:11have already seen that winking or that sliding when you have somebody do a
01:11 - 01:16squat. At the knees, we're only likely to see them either bow in or bow out. That's
01:16 - 01:21the only things we're looking for. And then at the shoulders, do the arms fall
01:21 - 01:26or does the shoulder girdle elevate? Guys, these are all of the signs that
01:26 - 01:30we are likely to see for the overhead squat assessment. I will talk about some
01:30 - 01:34that are a little less common that you might see occasionally in future videos.
01:34 - 01:39This is the first layer of the onion, once we get this down you guys will
01:39 - 01:43actually be able to start creating some very powerful corrective exercise
01:43 - 01:46programs. I'm going to have my friend Leanne come out, she's going to help me
01:46 - 01:49demonstrate each one of these signs so you guys know exactly what you're
01:49 - 01:52looking for.
01:53 - 01:58So first things first let's look at feet flat. Now
01:58 - 02:02first role of the overhead squat assessment, I showed you guys how to set
02:02 - 02:06up the overhead squat assessment in the previous video. If you notice that
02:06 - 02:11somebody's feet are flat when they start you can go ahead and check that box. I'm
02:11 - 02:15not looking for necessarily more flattening when they're doing the
02:15 - 02:19overhead squat assessment, if they can't get into proper position to begin with,
02:19 - 02:24they have that sign. Now Leanne when it comes to feet flat actually does have
02:24 - 02:29flat feet to start with, that's a functional flat foot, but she's going to
02:29 - 02:33fake it for us, she's going to go ahead and throw her arms up, and what you guys
02:33 - 02:40would see is as she goes down into the squat, she would lose this space right
02:40 - 02:45here. So you, and come back up for me, alright make you a little arch, she
02:45 - 02:49should be able to keep her her metatarsal head here, her cuneiform, her
02:49 - 02:53navicular, these should not be on the floor. If they collapse and fall on the floor
02:53 - 02:57and you guys watch that space disappear at the medial arch, you're going to go
02:57 - 03:02ahead and check feet flattened. Now the next sign she's going to show us is feet
03:02 - 03:07turnout. Now if you guys remember from our previous video, second toe pointing
03:07 - 03:12forward all right, at hip width which is going to be just underneath our ASIS, is
03:12 - 03:17going to be parallel, all we want to see is does she go big toe forward or
03:17 - 03:21further because that would be a sign of feet turnout. Go ahead and squat down for
03:21 - 03:26me, let's see that, and Leanne turns into feet turn out very easily because this
03:26 - 03:30is part of her common compensation pattern. So go ahead and do that one more
03:30 - 03:34time and show them, and we got feet turnout.
03:34 - 03:38Alright if I was doing Leanne's assessment right now I just check feet
03:38 - 03:43turnout. So now let's look at the knees, her patella right, right here should
03:43 - 03:48track over her second and third toe assuming that her feet are parallel.
03:48 - 03:54So if she had knees bow in, so let's go ahead and demonstrate knees bow in, right
03:54 - 04:00you'd see this little collapse inward. You notice now her knees are not in line
04:00 - 04:04with this imaginary line between second and third toe and her ASIS.
04:04 - 04:13A little more rare is to see the knees bow out, all right there you go knees bow
04:13 - 04:16out, and usually what happens guys is you'll see actually the patella it'll
04:16 - 04:21track over about the pinky toe. I know that doesn't seem like much, but anything
04:21 - 04:24outside of optimal is potential dysfunction that we could work on and
04:24 - 04:29gain a little bit of performance from. Now after we get through those signs we
04:29 - 04:32need to go ahead and go to a lateral view to see the lumbo-pelvic hip complex.
04:32 - 04:37The first one I'm going to have our show is actually the excessive forward lean,
04:37 - 04:42which I know confuses some people. The excessive forward lean is based on the
04:42 - 04:51tibia and torso should create parallel lines at the bottom of her squat. So I'm
04:51 - 04:54going to have Leanne go ahead and do the overhead squat and pause at the bottom.
04:54 - 05:01Alright and what I'm going to do is using these bars if I line a bar up with
05:01 - 05:08her tibia there, so that's that's that line, and then you guys can see if I line
05:08 - 05:14this up, her tibia and torso angles actually cross which means they are not
05:14 - 05:19parallel by definition, she's bending forward too far so that would be our
05:19 - 05:23excessive forward lean.
05:24 - 05:31Go ahead and turn posterior From the posterior view we might see an
05:31 - 05:35asymmetrical weight shift. I know a lot of you guys this intimidates you, it's not
05:35 - 05:40an easy thing but we will go over corrections in a future video, but if you
05:40 - 05:44see go ahead and let's demonstrate that Leanne, what you guys will notice is her
05:44 - 05:50pelvis and her backside will actually shift away from the center of her base
05:50 - 05:55of support, being her feet here. Alright so let's show that one more time,
05:55 - 06:02and that would be asymmetrical weight shift -right. Now the last thing we're
06:02 - 06:06going to look at is the arms, you guys have probably seen a lot of the arms
06:06 - 06:14fall, her arms should maintain parallel to her ears, covering her ears
06:14 - 06:20essentially. If she can't now this is one of those signs where you will often see
06:20 - 06:24people not be able to get there; if I got hurt here and I went arms up and that's
06:24 - 06:27as high she can get, you guys can go ahead and check arms fall forward. I
06:27 - 06:32don't need them to fall more forward as she does the squat, this is arms fall
06:32 - 06:37forward. Now we're going to go ahead and have her start here and then demonstrate
06:37 - 06:42what arms fall forward during the squat would look like, so go ahead, and that
06:42 - 06:46would be a very common look to that. It doesn't have to be a lot, just in front
06:46 - 06:51of the ears. Let's try one more,
06:53 - 06:57good, and then turn around let me have you actually back to the camera, and
06:57 - 07:01we'll show shoulders elevate. Now when shoulders elevate what you guys are
07:01 - 07:07actually looking for is does this scapula area start to elevate towards
07:07 - 07:11the ears. Now once again you've got to make sure that they started out
07:11 - 07:16depressed, if they started out elevated you can go ahead and check it off, but
07:16 - 07:19make sure they started depressed during their squat, and then go ahead have them
07:19 - 07:23do the overhead squat, and see if those shoulders don't end up right up next to
07:23 - 07:28their ears like Leanne is demonstrating perfectly. Alright so those are the
07:28 - 07:34common signs you guys are likely to see. Now we broke it down per joint segment,
07:34 - 07:39the only thing that you're going to see a little different on your template is
07:39 - 07:43that it's broken down
07:46 - 07:49per view,
07:51 - 07:56and there's a reason for this; all right so any assessment that we do we want to
07:56 - 08:02increase reliability. We want to make sure that we are accurate as possible. So
08:02 - 08:06certain signs we're only going to see in certain views. We need to make sure that
08:06 - 08:11every time we do this overhead squat assessment that we are looking for those
08:11 - 08:16signs in order, in a particular way to ensure that every time we do this test
08:16 - 08:21it's the same. So from an anterior view I'm going to look for feet flattened,
08:21 - 08:27feet turnout, knees bow in, knees bow out, or arms fall. An anterior view is not a
08:27 - 08:32great place for example to see a asymmetrical weight shift, that's better
08:32 - 08:37seen in a posterior view. After I go through my anterior view, I'm going to go
08:37 - 08:41to a lateral view and I'm going to look for my excessive forward lean, my low
08:41 - 08:45back arch, my abdominal distension potentially, that's that ABS falling out
08:45 - 08:50that I talked about in the previous video, or once again arms fall. I'm not
08:50 - 08:55going to be looking at the feet in my lateral view, chances are that an angle
08:55 - 08:58from the side is going to kind of play tricks on me on what I'm actually seeing,
08:58 - 09:02and then I'm going to go to posterior view to see shoulder girdle and an
09:02 - 09:09asymmetric weight shift. So all you guys are doing is taking the signs that are
09:09 - 09:14common during an overhead squat, and then flipping them so that we can easily get
09:14 - 09:18through an assessment. Then after you're done with your assessment and you can
09:18 - 09:23sit down and think about it, you can bring these back to the joint that you
09:23 - 09:28actually think you're seeing dysfunction at; and in future videos I'm going to go
09:28 - 09:32ahead and show you guys how to break down each dysfunction one by one and
09:32 - 09:36create a corrective exercise strategy. Now a couple things that I get asked
09:36 - 09:42about a lot, these are signs that don't actually exist but you're going to see
09:42 - 09:46them. So let me explain occasionally, actually let me have Leanne
09:46 - 09:48come out here.
09:49 - 09:55You're going to see somebody not feet flattened, but you're going to think
09:55 - 10:01you're seeing foot inversion, or an increase in that medial arch. I can
10:01 - 10:05honestly tell you guys this almost never ever happens, if you see this during your
10:05 - 10:10overhead squat assessment you're probably not seeing inversion you're
10:10 - 10:16probably seeing a sticky shoe, or a sticky sock, or a sticky foot on a sticky
10:16 - 10:21floor; the person's feet are actually trying to turn out but from the friction
10:21 - 10:25of the bottom of their foot in the floor on these two surfaces, they're actually
10:25 - 10:31just starting to roll out because they can they can't slide. You guys notice I
10:31 - 10:35have her in socks on a wood floor, really really hard to hide foot foot turnout
10:35 - 10:40socks on a wood floor, I would suggest this if you can find it. Another sign
10:40 - 10:44that you guys will see, go ahead and turn sideways is occasional, I don't know if
10:44 - 10:46you're going to be able to demonstrate this because it's not your compensation,
10:46 - 10:51but occasionally you'll see people going to an overhead squat, they'll go really
10:51 - 10:57deep and they'll tilt under, sorry tilt under at the bottom, Leanne doesn't do it at
10:57 - 11:00all, but you guys will see this where they all of a sudden they get to the
11:00 - 11:04bottom they do this thing, that's not a postural dysfunction they've just
11:04 - 11:09reached the end of their hip flexion range of motion. If you were to try to
11:09 - 11:12correct that posterior pelvic tilt you're seeing at the bottom,
11:12 - 11:16you're not going to get anywhere. The other thing I get asked about a lot is
11:16 - 11:21hands, so when I throw my hands up do the hand face in or do they face
11:21 - 11:27forward, and my answer to you is more or less it doesn't matter. All right this is
11:27 - 11:34actually radial ulnar joint motion, pronation and supination, not shoulder
11:34 - 11:39motion. The other thing I get asked about a lot is why is the head in the
11:39 - 11:43assessment, there's a couple reasons, I know a lot of personal trainers out
11:43 - 11:48there are using this assessment, and we don't get enough education on how to
11:48 - 11:51correct dysfunction at the neck, so that's reason number one we don't want
11:51 - 11:55to start looking at dysfunctions that we're actually not capable of correcting.
11:55 - 12:00Number two, an overhead squat assessment is probably not the best assessment
12:00 - 12:05for determining how we're going to correct cervical dysfunction, and we'll
12:05 - 12:09get into that into later videos. So there you guys go, those are the signs that
12:09 - 12:14don't actually exist. There is a couple signs that we will see occasionally like
12:14 - 12:18an inadequate forward lean, or a posterior pelvic tilt which I'll explain
12:18 - 12:25in much much later videos. Guys the first layer of the onion, I like that analogy
12:25 - 12:28right, we got the first layer and then as we get deeper and deeper and deeper.
12:28 - 12:32We'll add more and more pieces, but this is the first layer, you guys got to get
12:32 - 12:38this down. It's only what ten signs here, roughly ten, twelve signs, once you guys
12:38 - 12:43have these memorized, you're good at identifying them, you'll be able to build
12:43 - 12:46upon this in a way that helps you create corrective exercise programs that are
12:46 - 12:49more effective than you can even imagine, which is going to increase performance
12:49 - 12:54and decrease your risk of injury. I hope you guys enjoyed this video, I look
12:54 - 12:57forward to talking to you again.

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