Joint Mobilization: Local Vibration Techniques

Yang J, Lee B, Kim C. Changes in proprioception and pain in patients with neck pain after upper thoracic manipulation. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015;27(3):795-8.

Yang et al. demonstrated that instrument-assisted spinal manipulation resulted in widespread decrease in pain pressure threshold and a decrease in local muscle activity in asymptomatic indviduals (126).

Conclusions The application of instrument-assisted SMT resulted in an immediate and widespread hypoalgesic effect with local muscle relaxation in asymptomatic participants. It is hypothesized that therapeutic mechanisms, either segmental or central, may be involved in the therapeutic effects of instrument-assisted SMT.

Keller, T. S., Colloca, C. J., Moore, R. J., Gunzburg, R., & Harrison, D. E. (2006). Increased multiaxial lumbar motion responses during multiple-impulse mechanical force manually assisted spinal manipulation. Chiropractic & osteopathy, 14(1), 6.

impulsive-type instrument device
A hand-held electromechanical chiropractic adjusting instrument (Impulse)

Joint Mobilization: Local Vibration Techniques

Mobilization with Local Vibration

Spine Mobilization with Local Vibration (8:37)

Sternocostal Mobilization (6:17)

Transverse Tarsal Joint Mobilization (4:26)

Kosik, Kyle B., and Phillip A. Gribble. "The effect of joint mobilization on dynamic postural control in patients with chronic ankle instability: A critically appraised topic." Journal of sport rehabilitation 27.1 (2018): 103-108.
Cruz-Díaz, D., Lomas Vega, R., Osuna-Pérez, M. C., Hita-Contreras, F., & Martínez-Amat, A. (2015). Effects of joint mobilization on chronic ankle instability: a randomized controlled trial. Disability and rehabilitation, 37(7), 601-610.
Wikstrom, E. A., Bagherian, S., Allen, G., & Song, K. (2018). Anterior-to-Posterior Ankle Joint Mobilizations Improve Dynamic Postural Control in Chronic Ankle Instability Patients: A Critically Appraised Topic. International Journal of Athletic Therapy and Training, 23(2), 57-61.
Harris, S. (2018). Determining the Effect of Joint Mobilizations in the Talocrual and Subtalar Joints on Balance.
Shih, Y. F., Yu, H. T., Chen, W. Y., Liao, K. K., Lin, H. C., & Yang, Y. R. (2018). The effect of additional joint mobilization on neuromuscular performance in individuals with functional ankle instability. Physical Therapy in Sport, 30, 22-28.
Celik, D., Kuş, G., & Sırma, S. Ö. (2016). Joint mobilization and stretching exercise vs steroid injection in the treatment of plantar fasciitis: a randomized controlled study. Foot & ankle international, 37(2), 150-156.
vS de Souza, M., Venturini, C., Teixeira, L. M., Chagas, M. H., & de Resende, M. A. (2008). Force-displacement relationship during anteroposterior mobilization of the ankle joint. Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics, 31(4), 285-292.
Shashua, A., Flechter, S., Avidan, L., Ofir, D., Melayev, A., & Kalichman, L. (2015). The effect of additional ankle and midfoot mobilizations on plantar fasciitis: a randomized controlled trial. journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy, 45(4), 265-272.
Chevutschi, A., D'Houwt, J., Pardessus, V., & Thevenon, A. (2015). Immediate effects of talocrural and subtalar joint mobilization on balance in the elderly. Physiotherapy Research International, 20(1), 1-8.
Gong, W., Park, G. D., & Ma, S. (2011). The influence of ankle joint mobilization on ROM of the ankle joint and maintenance of equilibrium in elderly women. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 23(2), 217-219.
Cho, B., Ko, T., & Lee, D. (2012). Effect of ankle joint mobilization on range of motion and functional balance of elderly adults. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 24(4), 331-333.
Landrum, E. L., Kelln, B. M., Parente, W. R., Ingersoll, C. D., & Hertel, J. (2008). Immediate effects of anterior-to-posterior talocrural joint mobilization after prolonged ankle immobilization: a preliminary study. Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, 16(2), 100-105.
Fisher, B. E., Piraino, A., Lee, Y. Y., Smith, J. A., Johnson, S., Davenport, T. E., & Kulig, K. (2016). The effect of velocity of joint mobilization on corticospinal excitability in individuals with a history of ankle sprain. journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy, 46(7), 562-570.
Celik, D., Kuş, G., & Sırma, S. Ö. (2016). Joint mobilization and stretching exercise vs steroid injection in the treatment of plantar fasciitis: a randomized controlled study. Foot & ankle international, 37(2), 150-156.
Pertille, A., Macedo, A. B., Dibai Filho, A. V., Rêgo, E. M., de Figueiredo Arrais, L. D., Negri, J. R., & Teodori, R. M. (2012). Immediate effects of bilateral grade III mobilization of the talocrural joint on the balance of elderly women. Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics, 35(7), 549-555.
Vaillant, J., Rouland, A., Martigné, P., Braujou, R., Nissen, M. J., Caillat-Miousse, J. L., … & Juvin, R. (2009). Massage and mobilization of the feet and ankles in elderly adults: effect on clinical balance performance. Manual therapy, 14(6), 661-664.
Beazell, J. R., Grindstaff, T. L., Sauer, L. D., Magrum, E. M., Ingersoll, C. D., & Hertel, J. (2012). Effects of a proximal or distal tibiofibular joint manipulation on ankle range of motion and functional outcomes in individuals with chronic ankle instability. journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy, 42(2), 125-134.
(198) Green, T., Refshauge, K., Crosbie, J., Adams, R. (2001). A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Passive Accessory Joint Mobilization on Acute Ankle Inversion Sprains. Physical Therapy, 2001. 81: 984-994
(199) Cosby, N. L., Koroch, M., Grindstaff, T. L., Parente, W., & Hertel, J. (2011). Immediate effects of anterior to posterior talocrural joint mobilizations following acute lateral ankle sprain. Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, 19(2), 76-83.
(200) Hoch, M. C., & McKeon, P. O. (2011). Joint mobilization improves spatiotemporal postural control and range of motion in those with chronic ankle instability. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 29(3), 326-332.
(201) Delahunt, E., Cusack, K., Wilson, L., & Doherty, C. (2013). Joint mobilization acutely improves landing kinematics in chronic ankle instability. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 45(3), 514-519.
(202) Cruz-Díaz, D., Lomas Vega, R., Osuna-Pérez, M. C., Hita-Contreras, F., & Martínez-Amat, A. (2015). Effects of joint mobilization on chronic ankle instability: a randomized controlled trial. Disability and rehabilitation, 37(7), 601-610
(203) Collins, N., Teys, P., & Vicenzino, B. (2004). The initial effects of a Mulligan's mobilization with movement technique on dorsiflexion and pain in subacute ankle sprains. Manual therapy, 9(2), 77-82.
(204) Pellow, J. E., & Brantingham, J. W. (2001). The efficacy of adjusting the ankle in the treatment of subacute and chronic grade I and grade II ankle inversion sprains. Journal of manipulative and Physiological therapeutics, 24(1), 17-24.
(205) Hoch, M. C., Mullineaux, D. R., Andreatta, R. D., English, R. A., Medina-McKeon, J. M., Mattacola, C. G., & McKeon, P. O. (2014). Effect of a 2-week joint-mobilization intervention on single-limb balance and ankle arthrokinematics in those with chronic ankle instability. Journal of sport rehabilitation, 23(1), 18-26.
(206) Powden, C. J., Hogan, K. K., Wikstrom, E. A., & Hoch, M. C. (2016). The Effect of Two Forms of Talocrural Joint Traction on Dorsiflexion Range of Motion and Postural Control in Those With Chronic Ankle Instability. Journal of sport rehabilitation, 1-19.
(207) Vicenzino, B., Branjerdporn, M., Teys, P., & Jordan, K. (2006). Initial changes in posterior talar glide and dorsiflexion of the ankle after mobilization with movement in individuals with recurrent ankle sprain. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 36(7), 464-471
Green, T., Refshauge, K., Crosbie, J., & Adams, R. (2001). A randomized controlled trial of a passive accessory joint mobilization on acute ankle inversion sprains. Physical therapy, 81(4), 984-994.
Fujii, M., Suzuki, D., Uchiyama, E., Muraki, T., Teramoto, A., Aoki, M., & Miyamoto, S. (2010). Does distal tibiofibular joint mobilization decrease limitation of ankle dorsiflexion?. Manual therapy, 15(1), 117-121.
(213) Grindstaff, T. L., Beazell, J. R., Sauer, L. D., Magrum, E. M., Ingersoll, C. D., & Hertel, J. (2013). Immediate effects of a tibiofibular joint manipulation on lower extremity H-reflex measurements in individuals with chronic ankle instability. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 21(4), 652-658
(214) Whitman, J. M., Cleland, J. A., Mintken, P., Keirns, M., Bieniek, M. L., Albin, S. R., … & McPoil, T. G. (2014). Predicting short-term response to thrust and nonthrust manipulation and exercise in patients post inversion ankle sprain. journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy, 39(3), 188-200.
(215) Semonian, R. H., Denlinger, P. M., & Duggan, R. J. (1995). Proximal tibiofibular subluxation relationship to lateral knee pain: a review of proximal tibiofibular joint pathologies. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 21(5), 248-257.
(216) Beazell, J. R., Grindstaff, T. L., Magrum, E. M., & Wilder, R. (2009). Treatment of lateral knee pain by addressing tibiofibular hypomobility in a recreational runner. North American journal of sports physical therapy: NAJSPT, 4(1), 21.
(217) Sharma, M., Kaur, H., Rathore, P., & Pajnee, K. (2015). Effects of proximal and distal fibular glide in the subjects with knee osteoarthritis. Indian Journal of Physical Therapy, 2(2), 76-80.
3. O'Donnell, M., Smith, J. A., Abzug, A., & Kulig, K. (2016). How should we teach lumbar manipulation? A consensus study. Manual therapy, 25, 1-10.
1. Aspinall, S. L., Jacques, A., Leboeuf-Yde, C., Etherington, S. J., & Walker, B. F. (2019). No difference in pressure pain threshold and temporal summation after lumbar spinal manipulation compared to sham: A randomised controlled trial in adults with low back pain. Musculoskeletal Science and Practice.
2. Currie, S. J., Myers, C. A., Durso, C., Enebo, B. A., & Davidson, B. S. (2016). The neuromuscular response to spinal manipulation in the presence of pain. Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics, 39(4), 288-293.
3. Passmore, S. R., Johnson, M. G., Aloraini, S. M., Cooper, S., Aziz, M., & Glazebrook, C. M. (2019). Impact of Spinal Manipulation on Lower Extremity Motor Control in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Patients: A Small-Scale Assessor-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 42(1), 23-33.
4. Annen, M., Peterson, C., Leemann, S., Schmid, C., Anklin, B., & Humphreys, B. K. (2016). Comparison of outcomes in MRI confirmed lumbar disc herniation patients with and without modic changes treated with high velocity, low amplitude spinal manipulation. Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics, 39(3), 200-209.
5. Son, J. H., Park, G. D., & Park, H. S. (2014). The effect of sacroiliac joint mobilization on pelvic deformation and the static balance ability of female university students with SI joint dysfunction. Journal of physical therapy science, 26(6), 845-848.
6. Visser, L. H., Woudenberg, N. P., De Bont, J., van Eijs, F., Verwer, K., Jenniskens, H., & Den Oudsten, B. L. (2013). Treatment of the sacroiliac joint in patients with leg pain: a randomized-controlled trial. European Spine Journal, 22(10), 2310-2317.
7. Orakifar, N., Kamali, F., Pirouzi, S., & Jamshidi, F. (2012). Sacroiliac joint manipulation attenuates alpha-motoneuron activity in healthy women: a quasi-experimental study. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 93(1), 56-61.
8. (432) Lee, R. Y., Tsung, B. Y., Tong, P., & Evans, J. (2005). Bending stiffness of the lumbar spine subjected to posteroanterior manipulative force. Journal of rehabilitation research and development, 42(2), 167.
9. (433) Shum, G. L., Tsung, B. Y., & Lee, R. Y. (2013). The immediate effect of posteroanterior mobilization on reducing back pain and the stiffness of the lumbar spine. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 94(4), 673-679.
10. (434) Hidalgo, B., Pitance, L., Hall, T., Detrembleur, C., & Nielens, H. (2015). Short-term effects of Mulligan mobilization with movement on pain, disability, and kinematic spinal movements in patients with nonspecific low back pain: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics, 38(6), 365-374.
11. (435) Sato, T., Koumori, T., & Uchiyama, Y. (2012). Preliminary study of the immediate effect of spinal segmental side bending mobilization on improve lumbar range of motion. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 24(5), 431-434.
12. (436) Beneck, G. J., Kulig, K., Landel, R. F., & Powers, C. M. (2005). The relationship between lumbar segmental motion and pain response produced by a posterior-to-anterior force in persons with nonspecific low back pain. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 35(4), 203-209.
13. (437) Powers, C. M., Beneck, G. J., Kulig, K., Landel, R. F., & Fredericson, M. (2008). Effects of a single session of posterior-to-anterior spinal mobilization and press-up exercise on pain response and lumbar spine extension in people with nonspecific low back pain. Physical therapy, 88(4), 485-493.
14. (438) McCollam, R. L., & Benson, C. J. (1993). Effects of postero-anterior mobilization on lumbar extension and flexion. Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, 1(4), 134-141.
15. (439) Gibson, H., Ross, J., Allen, J., Latimer, J., & Maher, C. (1993). The effect of mobilization on forward bending range. Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, 1(4), 142-147.
16. (440) Schenk, R. J., Jozefczyk, C., & Kopf, A. (2003). A randomized trial comparing interventions in patients with lumbar posterior derangement. Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, 11(2), 95-102.
17. (441) Murphy, D. R., Hurwitz, E. L., Gregory, A. A., & Clary, R. (2006). A non-surgical approach to the management of lumbar spinal stenosis: a prospective observational cohort study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 7(1), 16.
18. (442) Slaven, E. J., Goode, A. P., Coronado, R. A., Poole, C., & Hegedus, E. J. (2013). The relative effectiveness of segment specific level and non-specific level spinal joint mobilization on pain and range of motion: results of a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, 21(1), 7-17.
19. (443) Stamos-Papastamos, N., Petty, N. J., & Williams, J. M. (2011). Changes in bending stiffness and lumbar spine range of movement following lumbar mobilization and manipulation. Journal of Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics, 34(1), 46-53.
20. (444) Allison, G., Edmonston, S., Kiviniemi, K., Lanigan, H., Simonsen, A. V., & Walcher, S. (2001). Influence of standardized mobilization on the posteroanterior stiffness of the lumbar spine in asymptomatic subjects. Physiotherapy Research International, 6(3), 145-156.
21. (445) Moutzouri, M., Billis, E., Strimpakos, N., Kottika, P., & Oldham, J. A. (2008). The effects of the Mulligan Sustained Natural Apophyseal Glide (SNAG) mobilisation in the lumbar flexion range of asymptomatic subjects as measured by the Zebris CMS20 3-D motion analysis system. BMC Musculoskeletal disorders, 9(1), 131.
22. (446) Powers, C. M., Kulig, K., Harrison, J., & Bergman, G. (2003). Segmental mobility of the lumbar spine during a posterior to anterior mobilization: assessment using dynamic MRI. Clinical Biomechanics, 18(1), 80-83.
23. (447) Kulig, K., Landel, R. F., & Powers, C. M. (2004). Assessment of lumbar spine kinematics using dynamic MRI: a proposed mechanism of sagittal plane motion induced by manual posterior-to-anterior mobilization. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 34(2), 57-64.
24. (448) Keller, T. S., Colloca, C. J., & Béliveau, J. G. (2002). Force-deformation response of the lumbar spine: a sagittal plane model of posteroanterior manipulation and mobilization. Clinical Biomechanics, 17(3), 185-196.
25. (449) Caling, B., & Lee, M. (2001). Effect of direction of applied mobilization force on the posteroanterior response in the lumbar spine. Journal of Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics, 24(2), 71-78.
26. (450) Lee, R., & Evans, J. (1997). An in vivo study of the intervertebral movements produced by posteroanterior mobilization. Clinical Biomechanics, 12(6), 400-408.
27. (451) Kulig, K., Powers, C. M., Landel, R. F., Chen, H., Fredericson, M., Guillet, M., & Butts, K. (2007). Segmental lumbar mobility in individuals with low back pain: in vivo assessment during manual and self-imposed motion using dynamic MRI. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 8(1), 8.
28. (452) Beattie, P. F., Arnot, C. F., Donley, J. W., Noda, H., & Bailey, L. (2010). The immediate reduction in low back pain intensity following lumbar joint mobilization and prone press-ups is associated with increased diffusion of water in the L5-S1 intervertebral disc. journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy, 40(5), 256-264.
29. (453) Beattie, P. F., Donley, J. W., Arnot, C. F., & Miller, R. (2009). The change in the diffusion of water in normal and degenerative lumbar intervertebral discs following joint mobilization compared to prone lying. journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy, 39(1), 4-11.
30. (454) Abbott, J. H., Fritz, J. M., McCane, B., Shultz, B., Herbison, P., Lyons, B., … & Walsh, R. M. (2006). Lumbar segmental mobility disorders: comparison of two methods of defining abnormal displacement kinematics in a cohort of patients with non-specific mechanical low back pain. BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 7(1), 45.
31. (455) Ferreira, M. L., Ferreira, P. H., & Hodges, P. W. (2007). Changes in postural activity of the trunk muscles following spinal manipulative therapy. Manual therapy, 12(3), 240.
32. (456) Kamel, D. M., Raoof, N. A. A., & Tantawy, S. A. (2016). Efficacy of lumbar mobilization on postpartum low back pain in Egyptian females: A randomized control trial. Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation, 29(1), 55-63.
33. (457) Lee, M., Esler, M. A., Mildren, J., & Herbert, R. (1993). Effect of extensor muscle activation on the response to lumbar posteroanterior forces. Clinical Biomechanics, 8(3), 115-119.
34. (475) Tsung, B. Y., Evans, J., Tong, P., & Lee, R. Y. (2005). Measurement of Lumbar Spine Loads and Motions During Rotational Mobilization. Journal of Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics, 28(4), 238-244.
35. (476) Garras, D. N., Carothers, J. T., & Olson, S. A. (2008). Single-leg-stance (flamingo) radiographs to assess pelvic instability: how much motion is normal?. JBJS, 90(10), 2114-2118.
36. (477) Sturesson, B. E. N. G. T., Selvik, G., & UdÉn, A. (1989). Movements of the sacroiliac joints. A roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis. Spine, 14(2), 162-165.
37. (511) Marshall, P., & Murphy, B. (2006). The effect of sacroiliac joint manipulation on feed-forward activation times of the deep abdominal musculature. Journal of Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics, 29(3), 196-202.
38. (512) Fox, M. (2006). Effect on hamstring flexibility of hamstring stretching compared to hamstring stretching and sacroiliac joint manipulation. Clinical Chiropractic, 9(1), 21-32.
39. (513) Méndez-Sánchez, R., González-Iglesias, J., Sánchez-Sánchez, J. L., & Puente-González, A. S. (2014). Immediate effects of bilateral sacroiliac joint manipulation on plantar pressure distribution in asymptomatic participants. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 20(4), 251-257.
40. (514) Suter, E., McMorland, G., Herzog, W., & Bray, R. (1999). Decrease in quadriceps inhibition after sacroiliac joint manipulation in patients with anterior knee pain. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics, 3(22), 149-153.
41. (515) Suter, E., McMorland, G., Herzog, W., & Bray, R. (2000). Conservative lower back treatment reduces inhibition in knee-extensor muscles: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics, 23(2), 76-80.
42. (516) Grindstaff, T. L., Hertel, J., Beazell, J. R., Magrum, E. M., Kerrigan, D. C., Fan, X., & Ingersoll, C. D. (2012). Lumbopelvic joint manipulation and quadriceps activation of people with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Journal of athletic training, 47(1), 24-31.
43. (517) Cibulka, M. T., Rose, S. J., Delitto, A., & Sinacore, D. R. (1986). Hamstring muscle strain treated by mobilizing the sacroiliac joint. Physical Therapy, 66(8), 1220-1223.
44. (518) Murphy BA, Dawson NJ, Slack JR. Sacroiliac joint manipulation decreases the H-reflex. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1995; 35: 87– 94.
45. (519) Murphy BA, Dawson NJ, Slack JR. Sacroiliac joint manipulation decreases the H-reflex. Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1995; 35: 87– 94.
46. (520) Dishman, J. D., & Bulbulian, R. (2000). Spinal reflex attenuation associated with spinal manipulation. Spine, 25(19), 2519-2525.
47. (521) Son, J. H., Park, G. D., & Park, H. S. (2014). The effect of sacroiliac joint mobilization on pelvic deformation and the static balance ability of female university students with SI joint dysfunction. Journal of physical therapy science, 26(6), 845-848.
48. (522) Foley, B. S., & Buschbacher, R. M. (2006). Sacroiliac joint pain: anatomy, biomechanics, diagnosis, and treatment. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation, 85(12), 997-1006.
49. (523) Kamali, F., & Shokri, E. (2012). The effect of two manipulative therapy techniques and their outcome in patients with sacroiliac joint syndrome. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies, 16(1), 29-35.
50. (524) Tullberg, T., Blomberg, S., Branth, B., & Johnsson, R. (1998). Manipulation does not alter the position of the sacroiliac joint: a roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis. Spine, 23(10), 1124-1128.
51. (525) Shearar, K. A., Colloca, C. J., & White, H. L. (2005). A randomized clinical trial of manual versus mechanical force manipulation in the treatment of sacroiliac joint syndrome. Journal of Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics, 28(7), 493-501.
52. (526) Laslett, M. (2008). Evidence-based diagnosis and treatment of the painful sacroiliac joint. Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, 16(3), 142-152.
53. (527) de Oliveira Grassi, D., de Souza, M. Z., Ferrareto, S. B., de Lima Montebelo, M. I., & de Oliveira Guirro, E. C. (2011). Immediate and lasting improvements in weight distribution seen in baropodometry following a high-velocity, low-amplitude thrust manipulation of the sacroiliac joint. Manual therapy, 16(5), 495-500.
54. (528) Kluge, J., Hall, D., Louw, Q., Theron, G., & Grové, D. (2011). Specific exercises to treat pregnancy‐related low back pain in a South African population. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 113(3), 187-191.
55. (529) Stuge, B., Lærum, E., Kirkesola, G., & Vøllestad, N. (2004). The efficacy of a treatment program focusing on specific stabilizing exercises for pelvic girdle pain after pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. Spine, 29(4), 351-359.
56. (530) Stuge, B., Veierød, M. B., Lærum, E., & Vøllestad, N. (2004). The efficacy of a treatment program focusing on specific stabilizing exercises for pelvic girdle pain after pregnancy: a two-year follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. Spine, 29(10), E197-E203.
57. (531) Monticone, M., Barbarino, A., Testi, C., Arzano, S., Moschi, A., & Negrini, S. (2004). Symptomatic efficacy of stabilizing treatment versus laser therapy for sub-acute low back pain with positive tests for sacroiliac dysfunction: a randomised clinical controlled trial with 1 year follow-up. Europa Medicophysica, 40(4), 263-268.
58. (532) Herzog, W., Conway, P. J., & Willcox, B. J. (1991). Effects of different treatment modalities on gait symmetry and clinical measures for sacroiliac joint patients. Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics, 14(2), 104-109.
59. (533) Elden, H., Ladfors, L., Olsen, M. F., Ostgaard, H. C., & Hagberg, H. (2005). Effects of acupuncture and stabilising exercises as adjunct to standard treatment in pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain: randomised single blind controlled trial. Bmj, 330(7494), 761.
60. (534) Mens, J. M., Snijders, C. J., & Stam, H. J. (2000). Diagonal trunk muscle exercises in peripartum pelvic pain: a randomized clinical trial. Physical Therapy, 80(12), 1164-1173.
61. (535) Nilsson-Wikmar, L., Holm, K., Öijerstedt, R., & Harms-Ringdahl, K. (2005). Effect of three different physical therapy treatments on pain and activity in pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain: a randomized clinical trial with 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up postpartum. Spine, 30(8), 850-856.
62. (536) Mens, J. M., Snijders, C. J., & Stam, H. J. (2000). Diagonal trunk muscle exercises in peripartum pelvic pain: a randomized clinical trial. Physical Therapy, 80(12), 1164-1173.
63. (537) Nilsson-Wikmar, L., Holm, K., Öijerstedt, R., & Harms-Ringdahl, K. (2005). Effect of three different physical therapy treatments on pain and activity in pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain: a randomized clinical trial with 3, 6, and 12 months follow-up postpartum. Spine, 30(8), 850-856.
64. (538) Smith, R. L., Sebastian, B. A., & Gajdosik, R. L. (1988). Effect of sacroiliac joint mobilization on the standing position of the pelvis in healthy men. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 10(3), 77-84.
65. (539) Levangie, P. K. (1999). Four clinical tests of sacroiliac joint dysfunction: the association of test results with innominate torsion among patients with and without low back pain. Physical Therapy, 79(11), 1043-1057.
66. (540) Cibulka, M. T., & Koldehoff, R. (1999). Clinical usefulness of a cluster of sacroiliac joint tests in patients with and without low back pain. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 29(2), 83-92.
67. (541) Szadek, K. M., van der Wurff, P., van Tulder, M. W., Zuurmond, W. W., & Perez, R. S. (2009). Diagnostic validity of criteria for sacroiliac joint pain: a systematic review. The Journal of pain, 10(4), 354-368.
68. (542) Laslett, M., Aprill, C. N., McDonald, B., & Young, S. B. (2005). Diagnosis of sacroiliac joint pain: validity of individual provocation tests and composites of tests. Manual therapy, 10(3), 207-218.
69. (543) Freburger, J. K., & Riddle, D. L. (2001). Using published evidence to guide the examination of the sacroiliac joint region. Physical therapy, 81(5), 1135-1143.
70. (544) Smith, R. L., Sebastian, B. A., & Gajdosik, R. L. (1988). Effect of sacroiliac joint mobilization on the standing position of the pelvis in healthy men. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 10(3), 77-84.
71. (545) Elgafy, H., Semaan, H. B., Ebraheim, N. A., & Coombs, R. J. (2001). Computed tomography findings in patients with sacroiliac pain. Clinical orthopaedics and related research, 382, 112-118.

Joint Mobilization: Local Vibration Techniques

Comments

Guest