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Basics of the Human Movement Systems: Video #5 of Introduction to Functional Anatomy
Basics of the Human Movement Systems Video #5 of Introduction to Functional Anatomy introduces the connection between structural components of the human body and how they work together to perform various movements. Learn how muscles and joints interact to create postural stability, range of motion and movement efficiency. Understand the effects of body position, range of motion and force production on muscular and joint development. This video provides a comprehensive introduction to the mechanics of the human movement system.
Transcript
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Let's talk about, a little bit about each
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major systems of the human body. Are you guys
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ready for this, how many of you guys have heard of the fascial system before?
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How about connective tissue, you guys heard about connective tissue? You got
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different types of tissue in the body; muscle tissue, nervous tissue right,
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connective tissue. Connective tissue is a type of tissue that helps bind
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everything together. So we got ligaments, ligaments attach what to what? Ligaments
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attach bone to bone. How many of you guys have heard of an ACL tear? A few right.
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Anybody from Chicago? You guys are hating ACL tears right now. Derrick Rose kind of
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kind of cost you guys the finals, going down with an ACL tear. ACL stands for
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what? Anterior cruciate ligament. It's a ligament which means it attaches
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what to what? Bone to bone. What two bones is that attached to? Tibia and femur. So
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it's stabilizing which joint? The knee. You guys see how that works?
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All ligaments work that way, they connect the bone to a bone stabilizing a joint.
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Tendons connect what to what? Muscles to bones. For the most part muscles don't
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attach directly to bones, they always attach to a tendon which then inserts
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into a bone. What what muscles are those, since I already have the tendon written
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up there. Everybody's heard of their Achilles tendon? Yeah gastroc and soleus
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connected to that huge Achilles tendon, very powerful muscles which connected to
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this bone, anybody know what this bone is again?
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That's your calcaneus, your heel bone. How many of you guys have ever heard this
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term fascia? Good so fascia we usually when we refer to fascia, although you could say
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that all connective tissue is a fascial component right, like fascia just
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generally refers to sheets of connective tissue.
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So sometimes, anybody planning on doing cadaver study
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like you got to do it for school if you go for DPT right, this right here, this
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white stuff is actually what you see when you open up a cadaver. You don't
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have bright red muscles like this, you have fat, then you have all of this white
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connective tissue, and that white connective tissue does serve a purpose.
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What's a quality of connective tissue that you guys are aware of? Weak stuff?
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It's pretty strong stuff right. Connective tissue, pretty strong, pretty
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hard. Alright so connective tissue makes a
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great reinforcer, why would that part of the human body need a lot of
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reinforcement? Protect the organs that's, I would say that's important. Anybody
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else think that's important? I like my organs where they're at. What else might,
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why else might that be an important part to have some connective tissue? It has to do
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with a region of the body that gets hurt quite often. Yeah there's something about
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this connective tissue protecting the spine, because in this area of the body
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what don't we have that we have here?
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Bone, specifically ribs right. So your ribs are a nice stable, stable support
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for your thoracic spine, however you get to the lumbar spine which has even more
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weight to support , there's no ribs. So we'll add a little connective tissue,
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some fascia. You also have a big piece of fascia on your back, so that's your
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abdominal fascia,
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that's your thoracolumbar fascia. You guys have seen this before right? Big
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pieces of connective tissue just adding reinforcement, protection. Fascia also
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helps to transmit force, and also shapes and supports. One of my favorite myths
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out there, if you do, oh what's a good one, what's a good one, I need to think of a
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good one. Have you guys ever heard of like exercises that shape muscles right. If I
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do this when I do my fly, I'm going to get a nice shape to my pecs. There's no like,
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this whole bodybuilding science right. Can you shape a muscle, no you can't
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shape a muscle. Fascia shapes muscles. You guys they grow or shrink,
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that's what muscles do, like that's all you got, you can't shape them, it's
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already determined by these guys. Does that make sense? A lot of attention being
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given to fascia right now, we did not give fasscia nearly enough attention up until
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very recent times. Alright the skeletal system, and we already went through the
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skeletal system I don't know why that's there, that should say the muscular
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system, thank you typos. Alright
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so the muscular system. I'm about to teach you everything you need to know
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about muscles, everything. Everything you need to know comes down to these three
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rules. If you can get down these three rules you can leave, you're done, you
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don't need any more anatomy classes, you guys believe me? it's almost true, it's
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almost true. I'd prefer if you stayed until what we're going to like seven
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tonight right. 12? Did you just say 12? She just said 12, we
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are here till midnight, it is an Anatomy marathon. Alright
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start with the three rules though. This is all muscles do, muscles only contract
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and relax, that's it. They don't flex, what flexes? Joints flex,
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muscles contracts. Muscles don't tone up, you cool with that? None
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of these stupid toning exercises. How do you look more toned, lose fat, build
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muscle, that's it. People give muscles way too much credit.
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Muscles are stupid, they contract and relax that's it. Muscles only work on
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joints they cross. You're like duh right, how many of you guys just went duh? Well
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this gets a little trickier. Alright because you're going to learn today
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that some muscles that you thought crossed one joint maybe cross more than
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one joint right. How many guys, okay let's talk about the biceps brachii, how
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many you guys are familiar with your biceps ,you walk around flexing your
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biceps. Not really sure why people flex their biceps, does anybody know what the
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biggest muscle in the human body is? The glutes, but you don't see anybody going
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around going dude hypertrophy training, I'm on top of it
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this year, doesn't happen I don't know why. Anyway let's go back to the biceps.
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So we got the biceps, the biceps cross what joint? Elbow, how many of you guys
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also knew though, I see see some of you already are on top of this, it also
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crosses the shoulder, which it might contribute to some shoulder joint
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actions. It also crosses the radial ulnar joint, which means it's also going to
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contribute to what? We're going to go back over this guy's, I'm jumping ahead a
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little bit but it contributes to this too. So there's a muscle that's
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traditionally thought of in almost a single joint fashion right, and most people
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are like biceps brachii duh it crosses the elbow, I know the biceps brachii, but you
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really, did you really know the bicep brachii? It also crosses the shoulder
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and the radioulnar joint, it's a three joint muscle. Then of course there's a
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lot of myths that I could bust right now. Alright all a muscle knows how to do
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is contract and relax, which means there's no such thing as an upper and
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lower part to most muscles; and that includes, who am I about to talk about?
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There's no such thing as lower abs, you hear me. You don't try to work your lower
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butt, you don't try to work your lower bicep, stop trying to pretend like
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there's lower abs. This muscle is stupid, you tell it to contract what is it going
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to do? Contract along its whole length. What joints does it cross? The vertebrate,
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yeah we can call that the lumbar spine. I mean there's several joints but you get
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what I'm saying. Crosses your trunk, does your rectus
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abdominus cross your hip? Not really, not at all. The rectus abdominus does not
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cross your hip. So you're going to do this to work your abs? Dude right, you're
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doing this? How many of you guys were just just before I said that, you don't
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have to admit to it because I know it's out there, I know there's a lot of
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misinformation out there. How many of you guys were doing this to work your lower
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abs, and then I just told you there's no such thing as lower abs and your abs
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don't cross your hip, and you're like....
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That is so not cool, so not cool. How many how many of you guys are there? A couple
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of you, yeah it's cool. There is another muscle down there, the
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only difference is there's a muscle down there that actually crosses what joint?
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My hip and it just so happens to lay right in this area underneath your abs,
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we'll talk about that later. Does that make sense? You guys see how I broke down
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that logic though, it's not my rectus abdominis working. Muscles work best in
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the direction of their fibers, so this is where you guys get to pick up all of
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your joint actions. This is where if you can get this down, you never have to
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memorize another joint action as long as you live. If you know what a muscle does
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which it contracts, you know what joint the muscle crosses,
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and then you look at its fiber direction, you should be able to tell me how it's
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going to pull on that bone. Alright so we talked about the PEC right, the PEC
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runs mostly in what plane? Transverse plane. So you can create a little word
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box right, what are my transverse plane joint actions. Name them, we'll do this,
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we'll do this. Alright so I'm going to take you through PEC major right now, using
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this and show you guys don't need to memorize joint actions you just need a
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little logic. PEC major,
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PEC major crosses what joint? Shoulder so I know I'm talking about shoulder joint
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actions right. We know most of the fibers run in the what plane? So I'm going to
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make a little word box for myself, I'm going to say okay transverse plane over
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here, what are my transverse plane joint actions guys? Horizontal abduction and adduction;
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...blank
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and you guys are missing some rotation, what types of rotation? Internal and
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external.
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You guys see what I did here right. I just made my life a little easier by
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going okay based on what Brent's telling me, I know my PEC major is a muscle, a
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stupid muscle that's only going to contract. I know what my PEC major is
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going to do, and when it contracts it's going to move my shoulder. Now I know my
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PEC works best in the direction of its fibers because that's rule number three,
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and mostly that direction is in what plane? Transverse. Now I know my
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transverse plane joint actions are horizontal abduction, horizontal adduction,
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internal rotation, and external rotation. Now I just have to figure out
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which way my PEC major is going to pull on my humerus and move my shoulder, so
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which way is it going to pull it? You guys know this. This way, what was this
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way, what joint action is this? Horizontal adduction right, check What about
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rotation, you think my pecs going to cause internal rotation? It's on the
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front of my body, attaches to the front of my shoulder, so when it shortens which
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way is going to pull my arm? Oh like this, so that's internal rotation. It's not too
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bad right. You guys want to take it up a notch, let's take it up one more notch, so
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let's do the rest of the PEC, do all of the fibers run in the same direction
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with the PEC? No, If I drew your clavicle right, and your sternum, and then out here
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is your glenoid fossa, your shoulder socket, and this is my humerus,
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you'll start to notice that not all the fibers go in the same direction.
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We've got fibers that run like this right, so they have a definitely a
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different angle than all of these fibers, and then some of the fibers come from
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the bottom of the sternum and go up like this right. What do you think these guys
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might be able to help with? Definitely yeah, definitely could pull in a
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diagonal, but they're also going to be able to assist, who are they running
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parallel to? Anybody know, what muscles right here? Anterior delt, what does my
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anterior delt like to do? Flexion right. Can you guys see how these fibers right
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here, on my clavicular head of my PEC might assist a little bit with
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some shoulder flexion. Everybody do shoulder flexion for me, let me take that
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back, start over. Everybody feel right here, all right now
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do flexion. Can you feel those fibers of your PEC contract and try to help out. I
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said muscles work best in the direction of the fibers, but realize if that
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direction will assist with the joint action, it's going to. You got to think of
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kinesiology functional anatomy; it's kind of like when we talk about joint actions,
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it's like a party and everybody's invited, anybody who can help is going to
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help that's kind of how it works. What do you guys think that these guys are going
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to do, how are they going to be able to pull my arm?
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Maybe not extension that would probably lengthen them a bit right. What's going
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to happen when they shorten, these guys right here. You got it you're thinking
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through it, what is this, what is this? Adduction yeah. So, you guys
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never watched like old school wrestling, Hulk Hogan? Hulk Hogan used to like to
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flex, flex, Hogan used to like to contract his pecs right, but he can't contract
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them this way. Why not why can't he contract his pecs that way? Because his
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hands are in the way silly, like if your hands are anyway you can't see my giant
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pecs that I've been working on right. So which way do i flex, contract. Which way
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do i contract? He does this right, has anybody ever done like a cable like down
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crossover fly thing? Nobody's done that for their lower PEC. It's not necessarily
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your lower PEC, but it is the sternal head of your PEC, does that make
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sense? So that's it guys, you just did it. You
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just did your entire PEC. Did you have to memorize anything? You can figure this
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stuff out. So now we can go ahead and write, my PEC major to shoulder
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horizontal adduction, internal rotation.
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The clavicular head
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will assist with what, which fibers? These fibers right here I said would assist
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with what? Flexion. So assist with flexion
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and my sternal head will assist with what? I'm sorry yes yes sternal head yep,
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sternal head will assist with what?
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Assist with that adduction, good. You
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guys did it. How many of you guys feel ready to do that to any muscle in the body?
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Alright that's why you're staying for the next seven hours, truthfully this is
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what we're going to do, and you guys I think we'll find if you go through this
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logic by the end of the day it won't matter, I'll be able to show you pictures
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of muscles you've never seen before, you'll be able to tell me what they do.
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You guys got three rules of muscles, is that in your sheets? If it's not in your
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sheets why don't you guys go ahead and take a second to write it down, because
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this is one of those things that I definitely teach over and over again and
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I think it's been instrumental, not only in helping other people learn but even
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myself, like I go back to these three rules over and over and over and over
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again. So why don't you guys take a second to write down these three rules.
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The nervous system, anybody nervous about the nervous system.
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Yeah the nervous system, what you should know about the nervous system is it
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controls everything. That's a picture of what? Your brain, that is a picture of
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your brain, and if something goes wrong there man you are in trouble, and realize
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a huge portion of your brain is dedicated to what? Movement motion is
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ridiculously important, ridiculously important. Even an
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expression, expression is nothing more than motion of what? Yeah how facial
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muscles, even speech is motion. Just getting from point A to point B, all
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motion. Alright, so you guys got a central nervous system and a peripheral
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nervous system. Your central nervous system is what controls not just your
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brain but your spinal cord. Your spinal cord actually does like a certain level
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of thinking. Reflexes you guys have heard of reflexes before right. Generally
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speaking are controlled by your spinal cord, not your central nervous, not your brain.
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You guys know what the withdrawal reflex is? If I put my hand on a hot stove, I do
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what? Which is shoulder extension, elbow flexion, and wrist flexion right. You guys
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think I'm kidding but that's a reflex to go through those joint actions, that's a
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series of muscles that are fired to go through those those joint actions that
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never goes to the brain. Isn't that weird. You touch a hot stove and I I don't want any
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of you to experiment with this, but the next time it happens to you, you
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touch something and you withdraw. Notice this, you withdrew before you actually
00:23:0400:23:09
had the conscious thought that you were in pain,
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isn't that crazy. It actually yeah, it actually takes more
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time for you to register the pain in your brain than it does for your body to
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react to the heat, the excessive heat or whatever it was that you touched. Alright
00:23:2600:23:31
right peripheral nervous system. Your peripheral nervous system is like the
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highway system that carries all of this information back and forth. You've heard of
00:23:3500:23:42
like efferent and afferent right, afferent comes in and efferent goes out.
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Alright so efferent nerve, how many of you guys have heard of motor units? Few
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of you alright. So what is a motor unit, a
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few of you guys are heard it what is it?
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It's a nerve and all of the muscle fibers it innervates right, that's a
00:24:1000:24:17
motor unit. So one nerve all of the muscle fibers. Could it be one nerve and
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eight muscle fibers, sure that'd be one motor unit. Could it be one nerve and a
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thousand muscle fibers, sure that's still one motor unit. It's the fact that if you,
00:24:3100:24:39
if that unit gets the on signal they all turn on. Now what's important about that,
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anybody know what that relates to functionally, practically? All
00:24:4800:24:52
right let me give you another rule there's something called the all-or-none
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principle. I kind of talked about it with lower abs, but let's talk about it in
00:24:5800:25:02
terms of muscle fibers in general. The all-or-none principle basically states
00:25:0200:25:07
when you fire a muscle fiber it fires all the way. Muscle fibers are on off,
00:25:0700:25:14
that's it. Which begs the question how do I control
00:25:1400:25:23
how much force I put out? You guys with me. So give you an example,
00:25:2400:25:30
how much you guys think I can curl, be generous otherwise we're staying till
00:25:3000:25:42
seven. Good question, twice, once we'll say once once. He could
00:25:4200:25:50
do more than 80, I like you. 140 I wish, okay I really like you but
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that's not true. 95 I definitely could do 95, maybe I
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could do like 120 once right like max, max curl right, when I'm in shape just
00:26:0300:26:08
not often lately. But nonetheless let's say I can do sixty pounds in each arm,
00:26:0800:26:15
one one time max. All right so that's all of the muscle fibers in my arm, and I
00:26:1500:26:20
just told you that when a muscle fiber fires they fire all. All of the muscle
00:26:2000:26:27
fibers fire all at the same time. So how do I go about picking up this marker
00:26:2700:26:34
which obviously does not weigh 60 pounds, with all of my muscle fibers turning on
00:26:3400:26:43
maximally, and not take this marker and launch it through the ceiling. How do I
00:26:4300:26:54
control how much force I put into that marker? Yes right, so it's not so much
00:26:5400:26:59
that I get to control how much the motor unit puts out, I get to control how many
00:26:5900:27:07
motor units I recruit, does that make sense. So for my one rep max curl I'm
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recruiting as many motor units as I possibly can in in a coordinated fashion
00:27:1100:27:20
to pick up this marker. Maybe it's just one or two motor units right, just enough
00:27:2000:27:26
to overcome the weight of my arm and however many ounces this marker weighs.
00:27:2600:27:30
Alright so that's part of like your whole central nervous system thing, part of the
00:27:3000:27:35
control is understanding that it's how many motor units are recruited
00:27:3500:27:44
and how efficiently they're recruited, how effectively, how coordinated, all
00:27:4400:27:48
right. So keep in mind that your nervous system is always receiving information
00:27:4800:27:55
continually, right through your receptors, is organizing that information and then
00:27:5500:28:01
is trying to activate motor units to do whatever you want it to do given the
00:28:0100:28:08
information that's coming in. So even when I picked up this marker there was
00:28:0800:28:12
something in my receptors, a certain amount of stretch on the skin, a certain
00:28:1200:28:16
amount of pressure on the skin, certain amount of stretch in the muscles they
00:28:1600:28:22
gave me an idea of how much it weighed. My brain went okay I kind of get how
00:28:2200:28:25
much it's weighed and I think I've lifted a marker before, so I'm going to use that
00:28:2500:28:29
information too, and now it knows how many motor units to activate so that I don't
00:28:2900:28:35
throw it through the ceiling. Everybody's cool with that example, is everybody as
00:28:3500:28:39
fascinated as I am about this stuff? Seriously
00:28:3900:28:47
come on, you guys look a little a little down, we need a coffee break, no coffee breaks.
00:28:4700:28:54
Yes you need a coffee break. All right let's get to this slide here and then
00:28:5400:29:00
we'll go for a little coffee break. All right neuromuscular efficiency, I like I
00:29:0000:29:06
like this definition, I stole it from an NASM. Anybody know who NASM is? The
00:29:0600:29:09
National Academy of Sports Medicine. I'm faculty for the National Academy of
00:29:0900:29:13
Sports Medicine if you guys take any courses in New York, you will see me
00:29:1300:29:19
again. But this definition is the ability of the neuromuscular, this is
00:29:1900:29:22
neuromuscular efficiency now, which is what we're working for we want
00:29:2200:29:27
efficiency. We want everything to work well. The ability of the neuromuscular
00:29:2700:29:31
system to allow agonists, you guys have heard these terms before antagonists,
00:29:3100:29:36
stabilizers, neutralizers to work synergistically that's together, to
00:29:3600:29:39
produce, reduce and dynamically stabilize, that's concentric, isometric
00:29:3900:29:46
and eccentric actions, the entire kinetic chain, your whole bod,y in all three
00:29:4600:29:50
planes. Now what that definition is trying to
00:29:5000:29:55
tell us is that we have more to think about when we train than just how much
00:29:5500:30:04
can we lift, a lot more to think about. Now, it all works together. How many of
00:30:0400:30:09
you guys, so let's go to to page 7 let me give you guys a second to try to fill
00:30:0900:30:13
this out. Just something I want you to think about, so if you read these
00:30:1300:30:18
sentences fill in the blanks, like I said it's just something to think about now
00:30:1800:30:22
that we've gone through each of the systems.
00:30:2700:30:33
Alright so the blank receives information from the environment
00:30:3300:30:40
organizes that information and initiates a motor program. The nervous system.
00:30:4000:30:46
Movement occurs when blank contract. Muscles, muscles are the only thing that
00:30:4600:30:52
contract right. The muscle pulls on tendon, how many you guys put bone? Some
00:30:5200:30:58
of you guys put bone didn't you? No, oh yeah well he had tendon in turn pulls
00:30:5800:31:06
on a bone. The bone moves is dictated by the, joint type and structure. Joints are
00:31:0600:31:13
supported by ligaments. Now realize every time you move this is happening. It's
00:31:1300:31:19
kind of crazy to think about right. I picked up that marker, I had information
00:31:1900:31:24
coming in about the weight of the marker, the density of the marker, the shape of
00:31:2400:31:30
the marker. I used my brain to organize that information, which then goes down
00:31:3000:31:36
and recruits a bunch of motor units, muscle fibers; let's say in this case
00:31:3600:31:40
it's my biceps brachii, which pulls on my biceps brachii tendon, which of course
00:31:4000:31:48
pulls on my radius, which then moves my elbow which is supported by collateral
00:31:4800:31:54
ligaments on my medial and lateral side. That happens every time I move, kind of
00:31:5400:32:00
crazy right. You want to like practice your anatomy start thinking through that,
00:32:0000:32:03
every time you like just pick a new motion and just go through it in your
00:32:0300:32:07
head, before you know it you'd be really really good at your anatomy. Especially
00:32:0700:32:10
if you looked up the stuff you didn't know.
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