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Joint Actions: Video #3 of Introduction to Functional Anatomy
Joint Actions: Video #3 of Introduction to Functional Anatomy is an in-depth look at the pathophysiology of joint mechanics and the roles of muscles, tendons, and ligaments in musculoskeletal health. This essential video explores how these structures interact to move the body in various directions, how they handle pressure and strain, and how they can be subject to common ailments such as sprains, strains, and arthritis. This can provide valuable insight into how movement,
Transcript
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We just learned planes of motion. What
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I would like you to keep in mind is that
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joint actions are plane of motion specific. You with me? We're going to
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start with sagittal plane joint actions. Your sagittal plane joint action is
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flexion and extension, so no matter what happens this is not going to be flexion
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or extension. Everybody's cool with that? This is not going to be flexion or
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extension. Flexion. The definition of flexion is two bones coming closer
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together or decreasing an angle about a joint. Got that? What would
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flexion of my elbow look like? This way. Extension is just the opposite.
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Extension is two bones getting further away from each other or increasing an angle
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about a joint. What would extension look like? This way. You have
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flexion, closer; extension, further away. What would flexion of my knee look like?
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Bend this way. What would extension look like? Straightening the knee.
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Let's get trickier. What would flexion of my hip look like?
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I could do flexion like this or I could do flexion like this. That would
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be hip flexion too. What would flexion of my shoulder be? This is a tricky one.
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You can't really see the two bones coming closer together here.
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I'll give you a little thing to remember it - "Shoulder into flexion if
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you got a question." You like that? Told you it was only going to get cornier as the day
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went on. "Shoulder into flexion if you got a question." Remember that.
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Let's go through extension. What is extension of the shoulder going to be?
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Putting it back down or coming back. What was extension of my hip? It would be this way,
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that would be extension of my hip. If I went down this way, that would be...
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what's happening at my hip? Flexion. If I come back up, now what's happening?
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Extension. If I was going to look for exercises that included flexion
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or extension, which board would I go to? Sagittal. All right, close grip pushup.
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What's happening at my shoulder? Just look right here. This...if
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I took my elbow out of it is the same as this. So what joint action is that?
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Flexion. what's happening at my elbow? That's extension because those two
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bones are getting further apart. What about, do I even have to go over this one,
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what about tricep extensions? What joint action? Extension. Sometimes we
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get "give me's" in the anatomy world, it's nice. What about bicep curls? Flexion.
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What about front raises? Flexion of what joint? That'd be shoulder flexion.
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Close grip seated row. What would that be? Wait, hold on. Which joint? We have to say shoulder
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extension, with elbow flexion. You are killing it.
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Let's do squats because I already went over this one a
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little bit with you. We're going to analyze a squat on the way up
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because that's when you're overcoming the resistance.
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Gravity is pushing you down, so if I'm coming up, what's happening at my hip? Hip extension.
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What's happening at my knee? On the way up would be extension.
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What about hamstring curls? Flexion.
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Deadlifts, on the way up, hip extension. Good. Crunches... oh we didn't go
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over this. Crunches are flexion of the... oh no...
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they can't be flexion of the abdominals, why? Muscles don't flex.
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Everybody got that? Muscles don't flex. What flexes? Joints flex. What's the joint
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that I'm moving here? My trunk, my lumbar spine. That's the joints
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that are moving. A crunch is spine flexion. Leg raises would be what? Hip flexion.
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Back. Extension is going to be extension of my spine.
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Plank.
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Trick question, no joint action. There is no joint action, it's not moving.
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It's all right, you can call me out. It's cool. Trick question, totally.
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Let's talk about movements in the frontal plane.
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We have abduction, adduction, lateral flexion,
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before we even get to the definition of each of these, where are these movements
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going to occur? Show me. Do some do some frontal plane stuff.
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We are analyzing some stuff that looks like this. If you were doing what big motion?
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If you were doing jumping jacks, that would be some of these joint
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actions. Let's start off with abduction - movement away from the midline of the body.
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We're talking about movement away. Here's what I want you to
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think about when you think about abduction. Aliens. Aliens. "Did he
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really just say aliens," yes I said aliens. What do aliens like to do to people?
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Evidently? Abduct people. I come from Vegas, you know that area 51 is
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right next to Vegas? And what's
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so crazy about area 51? Everybody thinks there's like aliens, that the
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government is in bed with aliens, they're abducting people.
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Abduction is what, essentially, you're getting what? Taken away.
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And everybody looks like what when they get abducted? What position?
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So this is actually shoulder abduction. That's movement away from my midline.
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Adduction is just the opposite. You can think abduct - away, adduct
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or add "a-d-d," to the midline. Just so we don't get those
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terms confused throughout the rest of this course I will say AB-duction
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and AD-duction, so we're clear. Because I know those are
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sometimes hard to hear. You say abduction/adduction really fast and they kind of
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sound like mumbling. Abduct away, add towards - what would that
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look like for my hip? You show me with your shoulder, I don't know. What would
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that look like with your hip? Which one's out? That's abduction.
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Which one's in? Adduction. What board would I go to? I'd have to go
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back to my frontal plane board. Lateral raises would be an example of what?
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Shoulder AB-duction. Military press. Shoulder AB-duction.
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What's happening at my elbow? Extension. Pull ups, for what joint?
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Shoulder AD-duction, elbow flexion. Good. Lat pulldown? Shoulder AD-duction.
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Everybody's got this one? Abduction/adduction, we're cool with that.
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Lateral lunges? How do I get out of a lateral lunge? I do a little bit of,
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a little bit of extension, yes. Some movements happen in
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multiple planes, but I also have to do a little bit of push off that way to get
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myself back up, so what is that? AB, how many of you say AB? How many of you
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say AD? How many of you just aren't going to say anything? Evidently,
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a lot of you. You do a little bit of abduction, pushing away
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from the body to get yourself back up. If i come down like this, I'm going to push out and away.
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There are some tricky joint actions. I said flexion only happens in what plane?
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Sagittal, unless you say lateral before flexion, in which case you are talking about a
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frontal plane joint action that only happens at the spine.
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Flexion and extension happens in what plane? Sagittal, unless you put 'lateral' in
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front of flexion. Now we have lateral flexion, which is a frontal plane
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joint action that only happens at the spine. What is it going to look like?
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That's side bending. Lateral flexion is side bending. The definition of flexion
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actually didn't change there. There's these little joints in your
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spine that come closer together as you side bend and we can't really have
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abduction at something that's already in our midline. Does that make sense? There's
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nothing to move away or towards. So what exercise up on our board would be
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an example of lateral flexion? Side bends. I kind of I gave that one away?
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Side bends would be an example of lateral flexion. Everybody have
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frontal plane down? You're doing pretty good. Transverse plane motions. Well, I
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said transverse plane motions were limb motions parallel to your desk or
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rotational movements. We have external and internal rotation, what do you think
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the definition of external rotation is going to be? External rotation.
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Rotating away from the midline or externally. What would be external
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rotation of my shoulder, what would that look like? This, right. How many of you
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have ever done external rotation in the gym? How many of you have ever
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seen external rotation down at the gym? If you've ever been to a PT clinic, you've
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probably seen external rotation. What would internal rotation look like?
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Turning in. Let's get tricky. What would external rotation of my hip
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look like? This way, you can turn your hip out.
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What would internal look like? Turning it this way.
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We got external rotation and internal rotation. Who can think of a
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functional activity that we do that includes external rotation of the hip?
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Throwing a ball, sure. If I start sideways, like a pitcher and
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I do this, what is this motion? Hip...
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external rotation. Hip external rotation. What's a functional activity
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that might include some internal rotation? You know this, think about it. Sporting activity.
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How do you swing a baseball bat? how many of you see somebody swing a
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baseball bat and they hit and then what happens to their hips? What happens
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to this back foot, it goes which way? Turns in this way, so that's
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internal rotation of the hips. So is external and internal rotation important
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to the human body? Yes, we do it more often than you think you would. You start
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thinking through this stuff. We also have horizontal adduction and abduction.
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I said adduction and abduction happen in what plane? Frontal, unless you put the
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word horizontal in front of it. Now what plan are we in? Transverse or horizontal
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plane. The definition of these joint actions did not change. Horizontal
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adduction is moving towards midline and abduction is getting taken away.
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What would horizontal adduction of my shoulder look like? Like this. What would
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horizontal abduction look like? What would horizontal adduction of my hip
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look like? AD. So that would be in a seated position bringing your legs closer together this way. What about abduction? This way.
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Which board am I going to now? To transverse. Chest flye, what's
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my chest flye, what joint action?
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Horizontal adduction of my shoulder joint. Everybody's got that? Bench press.
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Horizontal adduction of my shoulder with elbow extension.
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Wide grip pushup, same thing which is shoulder horizontal adduction with elbow extension, good.
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Reverse flye - horizontal abduction of the shoulder.
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Wide grip barbell row - shoulder horizontal abduction with elbow flexion...you are killing it already.
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Seated AB... we're cool with that one? What should this technically be? Is seated
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Ab/Add actually accurate? No, it should be seated horizontal AB and AD-duction.
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Trunk - russian twists. What would russian twists be? Anybody want to
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take a guess? It's just considered rotation.You don't have external
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