0:04 Alright so the next thing we're going to start breaking down is the movement 0:08 systems of the human body. So the body's fairly complicated right, there's many 0:15 different systems that work together to keep us in motion, we're going to start 0:19 with the skeletal system. Skeletal system is comprised of what? Bones and joints, 0:26 and the definition of a joint is what? Where two bones meet, that's it that's it. 0:36 Now I want to mention this because i think the names of joints intimidate 0:41 students alright. So the naming of joints, usually the naming of joints is the 0:47 combination of the two bones or the two bony prominences, we just squish 0:55 the word together. I actually looked it up it's called a portmanteau in English. 1:00 I hope I'm pronouncing that right but it's where you squish a word together. 1:04 The last time we taught this class there's actually a video where somebody 1:09 goes like Kimye right, like that whole relationship um yeah like Kimye. So you 1:18 take certain joints like your tibia and your femur right, that's a joint that's 1:24 where two bones meet that's commonly referred to as your? It's your tibia 1:29 femoral joint or your knee. Your shoulder, what's the technical name for your 1:33 shoulder? Glenohumeral what are those two words? The glenoid fossa which is the 1:40 socket right inside the scapula, and the humerus, does that make sense? Don't ever 1:46 let joint words intimidate you, I guarantee if you just stare at them for 1:50 a second, try to splice them in half, you'll start to see where the connection 1:55 is. Now rules of the skeletal system -will join us or two bones meet, where any two 2:03 bones meet there's a joint. That includes the suture joints of your head right, 2:07 just because they don't move it's still where two bones meet, it's a joint. Where 2:11 your clavicle meets your sternum, joint. All movement is the result of joint 2:16 motion. So you don't have motion outside of 2:20 joints, you don't have muscle motion. You have joint motion that's caused by what? Often 2:28 muscles contracting, does that make sense. All movement happens at a joint, muscles 2:34 pull on bones which result in joint motion. Now maybe one more rule we should 2:39 add to this and I'll have to go back and fix this slide is, the type of joint 2:45 dictates what motion is allowed at that joint, you guys with me there. Now I'm not 2:52 going to get into a huge lecture on the different joint types and all the 2:57 technical names, we're just going to go over the different types of synovial 3:00 joints real quick, because that will help us and our understanding a functional 3:04 anatomy for the rest of the day. So types of synovial joints. Most of these you 3:09 probably already heard of; ball and socket, hinge, pivot, gliding, saddle 3:17 condyloid, that's it. Now those joints are named after what, anybody know? They're 3:29 actually stole, we stole these terms from probably something like carpentry right. 3:36 This is the type of joints they make mechanically. For example a hinge joint, 3:43 that looks a lot like what? Looks a lot like the elbow right, this is what 3:48 they're using in construction of something there. So hinge joints, what are 3:55 some examples of hinge joints other than the elbow? Elbow, knee, you guys got 4:00 another one? Ankle ankle, yeah you got all this stuff too alright what we're going 4:06 to talk about today, ankle, knee, elbow. Important, what type of joint motions 4:13 does a hinge joint allow? 4:18 Flexion and extension. So when we get to the muscles that cross the elbow, the knee, 4:26 the ankle, on the ankle has a couple special joint actions, but at least the 4:31 elbow and the knee, are you going to yell out, oh yeah that muscle does adduction? 4:36 No your choices are flexion or extension, you got a 50-50 for this muscle. So what 4:41 we're going to do with a lot of these guys, is we're going to create word banks. 4:44 If I'm looking at a ball and socket joint, what are my ball-and-socket joints? 4:52 Hip and shoulder, what will a ball and socket joint allow? Yeah it allows all 4:59 those joint actions we've gone over. So let's go ahead and name them. Sagittal, 5:04 frontal, and transverse plane joint actions; but the joint actions themselves 5:07 are flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal, external rotation, 5:15 horizontal abduction, horizontal adduction. Alright so when we get to ball 5:19 and socket joints we got a few more choices. Pivot joints, yeah so yeah, you 5:33 got C1 and C2 which we're not going to talk about the muscles of the neck today, 5:36 but you guys already know that this is rotation right. Where else do you think 5:42 you might have a pivot joint based on that rotational ability? Yes yes say it a 5:52 little louder, your radius and ulna alright. So your proximal radioulnar joint 5:59 is a pivot joint. Now we call rotation here something different, What do we call 6:05 this? Supination you hold a bowl of soup, pronation, you Pro it out. You're not 6:13 gonna say it are you, you're like I'll flip it over. 6:16 Sorry you don't have to be as corny as I am. Alright plne joints, plane 6:23 joints are gliding joints. What do you think just based on that 6:27 little picture right, what do you think they would be capable of doing? It's more 6:37 like a lot of little motions in a lot of different directions, but not very far 6:41 right. Right so you could rotate this way, you can slide this way, you can slide 6:46 this way. Can anybody think of of some joints that might move like that? So some 6:54 of your carpal bones, yes right also some of the bones in your ankle, and then 7:02 here's something that we are going to talk about quite a bit, we're not going 7:05 to talk about wrist muscles very much, but where else do we have gliding joints? 7:12 Not scapula, the spine. So interesting guys, like if you look at the 7:21 spine you guys think you have a lot of motion at the spine right, but it's yeah 7:29 it's the combination of all of these, look can you guys see these little tiny 7:32 joints right, these are the facet joints; all right all these little joints are 7:38 moving like this in all those different directions we can move the spine, a 7:43 little bit ,that kind of makes sense. You really if you think about it, you can't 7:49 move any one segment very much. If I were to come and like brace your rib cage 7:53 and said, so that you couldn't move below your rib cage, and said go ahead rotate 7:57 at your thoracic spine, you wouldn't get too far. 8:05 Now we have saddle joints, and I went ahead and wrote in the examples this one, 8:10 your first CMC in your thumb, and your sternoclavicular joints are saddle 8:15 joints; but based on that picture, how many how much motion do you think you're 8:21 going to get out? How many planes? Two right, it's just like this just like 8:27 being on the saddle of a horse, you can kind of go forward and back right, and 8:32 you can go over. Anybody who's been on a horse knows that you can go over right, so 8:40 we're all scared of. What can't you do if you're sitting on a saddle? You can't 8:45 can't do anything horizontal, you can't twist. And then there's condyloid joints, 8:52 like I said, this is one of those things we're not going to go over much today. 8:55 Where your carpals meet your radius is sometimes called a condyloid, they have 9:00 it like a ellipsoid shape to them, with a little bit of a divot, they allow a 9:08 couple planes of motion really really well, and maybe some freedom outside of 9:13 that. The knee sometimes it's called an ellipsoid joint as well. When we get into 9:20 some more technical stuff tomorrow as far as function, and posture, and 9:24 analyzing function, we'l see that the knee is not a perfect hinge right. It 9:29 doesn't do just flexion and extension. What else can you need to a little bit 9:33 of, do you guys know? It does a little bit of rotation. So why am i teaching you guys 9:40 this stuff? As far as I'm concerned everything you guys are going to learn 9:42 from me is for practical reasons. I'm real big on practical education, so I 9:47 kind of mentioned this before, I'm going to ask you what the joint type is, 9:52 because the joint type is going to dictate what? The motion allowed at that 9:59 joint. So when we talk about the muscles that move that joint, what are your 10:05 options going to be for joint actions? 10:11 So you have joint, joint type, joint type dictates the amount of the actions that 10:20 are available. So when we talk about muscles, what are your choices going to 10:25 be? This is an easy question guys, I'm not trying to trick you. The same joint 10:30 actions that were available at that joint. In other words if I'm talking 10:32 about the elbow, we already talked about the elbow is a hinge joint right, which 10:37 means what's available to me? Flexion and extension, which means if I'm talking 10:42 about the biceps, the biceps that crosses the elbow is either going to do flexion 10:47 or extension. In this case it's in front of the joint, so you expect it to do 10:53 flexion, does that kind of makes sense. So it's just going to help us narrow in, 10:56 like I said the point of this class is to get conceptual with our functional 11:00 Anatomy knowledge, I'm not trying to teach you how to memorize. 11:10
