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Alright so the next thing we're going to
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start breaking down is the movement
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systems of the human body. So the body's fairly complicated right, there's many
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different systems that work together to keep us in motion, we're going to start
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with the skeletal system. Skeletal system is comprised of what? Bones and joints,
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and the definition of a joint is what? Where two bones meet, that's it that's it.
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Now I want to mention this because i think the names of joints intimidate
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students alright. So the naming of joints, usually the naming of joints is the
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combination of the two bones or the two bony prominences, we just squish
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the word together. I actually looked it up it's called a portmanteau in English.
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I hope I'm pronouncing that right but it's where you squish a word together.
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The last time we taught this class there's actually a video where somebody
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goes like Kimye right, like that whole relationship um yeah like Kimye. So you
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take certain joints like your tibia and your femur right, that's a joint that's
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where two bones meet that's commonly referred to as your? It's your tibia
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femoral joint or your knee. Your shoulder, what's the technical name for your
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shoulder? Glenohumeral what are those two words? The glenoid fossa which is the
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socket right inside the scapula, and the humerus, does that make sense? Don't ever
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let joint words intimidate you, I guarantee if you just stare at them for
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a second, try to splice them in half, you'll start to see where the connection
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is. Now rules of the skeletal system -will join us or two bones meet, where any two
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bones meet there's a joint. That includes the suture joints of your head right,
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just because they don't move it's still where two bones meet, it's a joint. Where
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your clavicle meets your sternum, joint. All movement is the result of joint
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motion. So you don't have motion outside of
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joints, you don't have muscle motion. You have joint motion that's caused by what? Often
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muscles contracting, does that make sense. All movement happens at a joint, muscles
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pull on bones which result in joint motion. Now maybe one more rule we should
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add to this and I'll have to go back and fix this slide is, the type of joint
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dictates what motion is allowed at that joint, you guys with me there. Now I'm not
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going to get into a huge lecture on the different joint types and all the
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technical names, we're just going to go over the different types of synovial
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joints real quick, because that will help us and our understanding a functional
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anatomy for the rest of the day. So types of synovial joints. Most of these you
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probably already heard of; ball and socket, hinge, pivot, gliding, saddle
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condyloid, that's it. Now those joints are named after what, anybody know? They're
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actually stole, we stole these terms from probably something like carpentry right.
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This is the type of joints they make mechanically. For example a hinge joint,
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that looks a lot like what? Looks a lot like the elbow right, this is what
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they're using in construction of something there. So hinge joints, what are
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some examples of hinge joints other than the elbow? Elbow, knee, you guys got
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another one? Ankle ankle, yeah you got all this stuff too alright what we're going
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to talk about today, ankle, knee, elbow. Important, what type of joint motions
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does a hinge joint allow?
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Flexion and extension. So when we get to the muscles that cross the elbow, the knee,
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the ankle, on the ankle has a couple special joint actions, but at least the
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elbow and the knee, are you going to yell out, oh yeah that muscle does adduction?
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No your choices are flexion or extension, you got a 50-50 for this muscle. So what
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we're going to do with a lot of these guys, is we're going to create word banks.
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If I'm looking at a ball and socket joint, what are my ball-and-socket joints?
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Hip and shoulder, what will a ball and socket joint allow? Yeah it allows all
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those joint actions we've gone over. So let's go ahead and name them. Sagittal,
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frontal, and transverse plane joint actions; but the joint actions themselves
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are flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal, external rotation,
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horizontal abduction, horizontal adduction. Alright so when we get to ball
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and socket joints we got a few more choices. Pivot joints, yeah so yeah, you
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got C1 and C2 which we're not going to talk about the muscles of the neck today,
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but you guys already know that this is rotation right. Where else do you think
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you might have a pivot joint based on that rotational ability? Yes yes say it a
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little louder, your radius and ulna alright. So your proximal radioulnar joint
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is a pivot joint. Now we call rotation here something different, What do we call
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this? Supination you hold a bowl of soup, pronation, you Pro it out. You're not
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gonna say it are you, you're like I'll flip it over.
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Sorry you don't have to be as corny as I am. Alright plne joints, plane
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joints are gliding joints. What do you think just based on that
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little picture right, what do you think they would be capable of doing? It's more
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like a lot of little motions in a lot of different directions, but not very far
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right. Right so you could rotate this way, you can slide this way, you can slide
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this way. Can anybody think of of some joints that might move like that? So some
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of your carpal bones, yes right also some of the bones in your ankle, and then
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here's something that we are going to talk about quite a bit, we're not going
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to talk about wrist muscles very much, but where else do we have gliding joints?
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Not scapula, the spine. So interesting guys, like if you look at the
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spine you guys think you have a lot of motion at the spine right, but it's yeah
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it's the combination of all of these, look can you guys see these little tiny
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joints right, these are the facet joints; all right all these little joints are
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moving like this in all those different directions we can move the spine, a
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little bit ,that kind of makes sense. You really if you think about it, you can't
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move any one segment very much. If I were to come and like brace your rib cage
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and said, so that you couldn't move below your rib cage, and said go ahead rotate
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at your thoracic spine, you wouldn't get too far.
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Now we have saddle joints, and I went ahead and wrote in the examples this one,
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your first CMC in your thumb, and your sternoclavicular joints are saddle
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joints; but based on that picture, how many how much motion do you think you're
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going to get out? How many planes? Two right, it's just like this just like
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being on the saddle of a horse, you can kind of go forward and back right, and
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you can go over. Anybody who's been on a horse knows that you can go over right, so
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we're all scared of. What can't you do if you're sitting on a saddle? You can't
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can't do anything horizontal, you can't twist. And then there's condyloid joints,
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like I said, this is one of those things we're not going to go over much today.
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Where your carpals meet your radius is sometimes called a condyloid, they have
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it like a ellipsoid shape to them, with a little bit of a divot, they allow a
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couple planes of motion really really well, and maybe some freedom outside of
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that. The knee sometimes it's called an ellipsoid joint as well. When we get into
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some more technical stuff tomorrow as far as function, and posture, and
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analyzing function, we'l see that the knee is not a perfect hinge right. It
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doesn't do just flexion and extension. What else can you need to a little bit
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of, do you guys know? It does a little bit of rotation. So why am i teaching you guys
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this stuff? As far as I'm concerned everything you guys are going to learn
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from me is for practical reasons. I'm real big on practical education, so I
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kind of mentioned this before, I'm going to ask you what the joint type is,
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because the joint type is going to dictate what? The motion allowed at that
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joint. So when we talk about the muscles that move that joint, what are your
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options going to be for joint actions?
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So you have joint, joint type, joint type dictates the amount of the actions that
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are available. So when we talk about muscles, what are your choices going to
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be? This is an easy question guys, I'm not trying to trick you. The same joint
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actions that were available at that joint. In other words if I'm talking
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about the elbow, we already talked about the elbow is a hinge joint right, which
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means what's available to me? Flexion and extension, which means if I'm talking
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about the biceps, the biceps that crosses the elbow is either going to do flexion
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or extension. In this case it's in front of the joint, so you expect it to do
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flexion, does that kind of makes sense. So it's just going to help us narrow in,
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like I said the point of this class is to get conceptual with our functional
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Anatomy knowledge, I'm not trying to teach you how to memorize.