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Kinesiology Taping: Lumbar Spine

The addition of lumbar spine and trunk kinesiology taping to manual therapy and/or exercise may result in significant improvements in short and longer-term outcomes for mechanical detection threshold, pain pressure threshold, range of motion (ROM), muscle endurance, posture, quality of life scores, and function.

Kinesiology Taping: Lumbar Spine and Trunk

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Commonly Asked Questions: Lumbar Spine and Trunk Kinesiology Taping

Benefits of kinesiology tape for the lumbar spine and trunk (Summary or Systematic Research Review): 

Healthy participants receiving an application of kinesiology tape to the lumbar spine and/or anterior trunk may exhibit improvements in muscle endurance and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Individuals exhibiting lumbopelvic hip complex dysfunction (including low back pain) may exhibit less improvement following kinesiology taping when compared to manual therapy or exercise. However, the addition of kinesiology tape to manual therapy and/or exercise may result in significant improvements in short and long-term outcomes for mechanical detection threshold, pain pressure threshold, range of motion (ROM), muscle endurance, posture, quality of life scores, and function. Note that kinesiology tape (with tension) may be particularly effective for reducing acute pain intensity.

The Brookbush Institute recommends using kinesiology tape to reinforce optimal alignment and/or activation techniques with the intent of improving carry-over from session to session. Additionally, some taping methods may be effective for reducing acute pain intensity.

 It is hypothesized that kinesiology tape improves mechanical detection threshold which may aid in maintaining more optimal alignment. For example, for an individual with low back pain and symptoms exacerbated by flexion, kinesiology tape over lumbar extensors may reduce the instances of lumbar flexion and potentially aid in maintaining a more optimal lumbar lordosis. Further, kinesiology tape may alter afferentation by providing a continuous sensory input that competes with the sensation of pain, reducing both pain and kinesiophobia.

 Individuals with sensitive skin or known sensitivities/allergies to adhesives (e.g., the adhesive used on band-aids) should not use kinesiology tape. It should also not be used over open wounds.

 The adhesive on kinesiology tape is strong and can damage the skin if removed carelessly. Do not rip the tape off. Instead, brace the skin and remove the tape in the direction of hair growth. Even in areas with "no hair," there is generally a direction of peach fuzz or hair follicles. Use the opposite hand to pull the skin taut in the opposite direction you are pulling the tape.

Duration of Effect (How long should you leave the tape on?): 

Kinesiology tape is recommended to reinforce positions acquired through improved mobility and muscle recruitment and typically has an effect for 48 to 72 hours. While it should not be used as a stand-alone intervention, we have observed substantial improvements in carryover, particularly when the patient is participating in 2 or more sessions per week.

With some coaching from an experienced practitioner, some applications of kinesiology tape can be self-administered, such as taping around the feet, ankles, and knees. However, it is almost impossible to apply kinesiology tape effectively to areas on the back of the shoulders, the scapula, the lower back, or the neck. For example, the two taping techniques in this course could not be effectively self-administered.

Not all kinesiology tapes are created equal. High-quality tape should have a waterproof adhesive that lasts while minimizing skin irritation, and the fabric should be durable and elastic enough to maintain its effect for 48-72 hours. Although a specific brand does not sponsor us, we have consistently found 

 to be a reliable choice for our patients, which include a significant number of athletes and advanced exercisers. Of course, brands like KT Tape, Kinesiotape, and Kinesio Tex are popular and preferred by many professionals.

Who should include kinesiology tape in their practice? 

The techniques in this course are recommended for all clinical human movement professionals (physical therapists, physical therapy assistants, athletic trainers, massage therapists, chiropractors, occupational therapists, etc.) who intend to develop an 

, patient-centered, and outcome-driven approach.

Lumbar Spine (Decompression): Kinesiology Tape

Core (Diaphragm, Glutes, and Low Back Decompression) Kinesiology Tape

Evidence-based Summary Statement and Recommendations

Systematic Research Review Summary (with Audio Voice-over)

Systematic Research review (with Audio Voice-over

Techniques with Video and Written Instruction

Integrated Manual Therapist (IMT) Certification

Pre-approved for Continuing Education Credits for:

Course Summary: Lumbar Spine and Trunk Kinesiology Taping

Kinesiology taping for the lumbar spine and trunk; techniques and recommendations from the course study guide

Course Study Guide: Kinesiology Taping: Lumbar Spine and Truck

Signs of Correlated Dysfunction

Introduction: Lumbar Spine and Trunk Kinesiology Taping

Healthy participants receiving an application of kinesiology tape to the lumbar spine and/or anterior trunk may exhibit improvements in muscle endurance and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Individuals exhibiting lumbopelvic hip complex dysfunction (including low back pain) may exhibit less improvement following kinesiology taping when compared to manual therapy or exercise. However, the addition of kinesiology tape to manual therapy and/or exercise may result in significant improvements in short and longer-term outcomes for mechanical detection threshold, pain pressure threshold, range of motion (ROM), muscle endurance, posture, quality of life scores, and function. Note that kinesiology tape (with tension) may be particularly effective for reducing acute pain intensity.

The use of kinesiology tape on the lumbar spine and ribs of healthy individuals is unlikely to affect respiration or lumbar extension strength significantly; however, it may significantly affect lumbar muscle endurance and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS).

 When compared to sham taping, kinesiology tape over the lumbar region of patients with chronic low back pain is likely to result in larger improvements in short-term and longer-term (6-weeks) pain and larger improvements in function, disability, and potentially posture in those individuals exhibiting signs of pain and dysfunction. Additionally, kinesiology tape over the abdomen and lumbar spine may significantly improve trunk muscle endurance and pain and have a larger effect on trunk ROM. Interestingly, the application of tape to the abdomen with or without tension may be equally effective for improving trunk muscle endurance.

The addition of kinesiology tape over the lumbar region to a supervised or home exercise program intended to treat chronic low back pain can significantly improve range of motion (ROM), disability, function, and sleep scores and may be particularly effective for reducing pain.

The addition of kinesiology tape to an exercise treatment program for scoliosis pain or fibromyalgia may result in significantly larger improvements in pain, function, quality of life, sleep scores, mental health, and energy levels.

Kinesiology Tape for Low Back Pain During Pregnancy: 

When treating pregnant women with low back pain, kinesiology tape over the lumbar region may significantly improve pain and disability scores when compared to sham tape or when added to a regimen of exercise or paracetamol (acetaminophen). Further, the application of kinesiology tape, with or without tension, may enhance walking speed and distance.

 Kinesiology tape and lumbar braces may result in similar small effects on the longissimus flexion-relaxation ratio. However, kinesiology tape alone appears to be less effective than aquatic therapy in enhancing low back pain and function. Further, when used in conjunction with exercise, kinesiology tape may be less effective than Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) in reducing low back pain and kinesiophobia.

Kinesiology Tape Added to Manual Therapy: 

The addition of kinesiology tape to manual therapy (and exercise) may result in some improvements in ROM, quality of life scores, and function, and when compared to the addition of rigid tape, it may result in continued improvement for additional weeks.

One study implied that more kinesiology tape might result in larger improvements in extensor muscle endurance; however, this study was performed on healthy individuals who may require more tape to exhibit significant results. Further, when applying tape, the participant's tissue tolerance to the removal of kinesiology tape should be considered.

Kinesiology Tape Compared to Other Types of Tape:

 Neither rigid tape nor kinesiology tape has a significant effect on iliocostalis and longissimus muscle EMG activity; however, when compared to sham tape, both rigid tape and kinesiology tape results in statistically significant increases in mechanical detection threshold, mechanical pain threshold, and pain pressure threshold. Additionally, rigid tape, kinesiology tape, and sham tape (kinesiology tape without tension) have significant and similar effects on Owestry Disability Index scores and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire scores, but kinesiology tape (with tension) does have a larger effect on pain intensity.

Kinesiology tape with or without tension may result in larger improvements in pain and disability than micropore tape. Further, the brand of kinesiology tape may have a significant effect on pain and muscle endurance outcomes (Dynamic Tape resulted in better outcomes than Kinesiotape).

Research Summary: Kinesiology Taping the Lumbar Spine and Trunk

Three studies have compared the effects of kinesiology tape and sham tape on healthy, asymptomatic participants. 

An RCT by Lindenberg et al. compared 90 healthy males and females (age: 21.25 ± 2.07 years) with no history of lung pathology, acute respiratory illness, or disorders that alter rib mobility. 

The participants were randomly assigned to a control group (no intervention), a kinesiology tape group, or a sham tape group for 1 application. The kinesiology tape protocol included 5 cm wide tape from KinesioTape, applied in a standing position with the arms overhead and trunk extended or flexed (depending on the application step), using 2 Y strips, with 10% tension added to the tape over the anterior and posterior base of ribs 9 and 10. The sham tape protocol used the same procedure as the kinesiology tape with no tension added to the tape. The findings demonstrated that all groups exhibited significant and similar improvements in maximal inspiratory pressure (measured with a spirometer) immediately after and 48 hours after application. However, none of the groups exhibited significant changes in chest wall excursion (measured with a measuring tape) or surface electromyography (EMG) activity of the intercostal muscles and bilateral scalene (1). 

Buke et al. compared 40 healthy females (age: 22.95 ± 2.01 years) with no history of trunk-related pathology or injury within the last 6 months and no history of orthopedic or neurological problems.

 Participants were randomly assigned to a kinesiology tape group or a sham tape group for 1 application. Both groups performed a 5 min warm-up on a Monark bike ergometer, at 60-70 revolutions/min, and self-administered static stretching of the trunk flexors and extensors for 10 reps. The kinesiology tape protocol included 5 cm wide tape from KinesioTape, applied in a standing position with full forward bending (toe touch), using 2 I strips, with 50% tension added to the tape, over the lumbar paravertebral muscles. The sham tape protocol was applied using the same procedure as the kinesiology tape, without lumbar flexion, and no tension was added to the tape. The findings demonstrated that neither group exhibited significant increases in muscle strength immediately after application; however, both the intervention and sham groups exhibited a statistically significant and similar increase in trunk extension muscle strength at 60°/sec angular speed (measured using an isokinetic dynamometer) 48 hours after application (2). 

An RCT by Merino-Marban et al. compared 54 healthy male and female (age: 21.3 years) cross-country skiers with no history of neuromuscular diseases, medication use, or signs of low back muscle soreness during the assessment. 

Participants were randomly assigned to a kinesiology tape group, a sham tape group, or a control group, for 1 application, applied following 3 days of 4 hr/day cross-country skiing practice to induce delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). The kinesiology tape protocol included 5 cm wide tape (tape brand was not discussed), applied in a standing position with forward flexion, using 1 Y strip, with 10% tension on the tape, over the lumbar paravertebral muscles. Sham tape was applied using the same protocol as kinesiology tape but using Tensoplast tape (non-elastic athletic tape). The control group received no intervention. The findings demonstrated that the kinesiology tape group exhibited a trend toward improvements in muscle soreness immediately following application and a significant decrease in muscle soreness 24 hours after intervention. The sham tape group only exhibited a trend toward a decrease in muscle soreness 24 hours after the intervention, and the control group did not exhibit any decrease in muscle soreness (3). These studies suggest that the use of kinesiology tape on the lumbar spine and ribs of healthy individuals is unlikely to have a significant effect on respiration or lumbar extension strength; however, it may have a significant effect on lumbar muscle endurance and DOMS.

Several sham-controlled studies have demonstrated that kinesiology tape may be effective for the treatment of low back pain.

 An RCT by Abbasi et al. compared 30 males and females (age: 25 - 50 years) with at least 3 months of nonspecific chronic low back pain localized between the 12th rib and the gluteal folds, and no history of radiating pain, spine surgery, or nerve root compression. 

Participants were randomly assigned to a kinesiology tape group or a sham tape group for 1 application and re-assessed 3 days after taping. The kinesiology tape protocol included 5 cm wide tape from NST-05002, applied in a seated position, using 4 I strips in a star pattern, with 15-25% tension added to the tape, over the point of maximum pain in the lumbar region. The sham tape protocol included 5 cm wide tape from NST-05002, applied in a seated position, using 1 I-strip, with no tension added to the tape, applied transversely over the point of maximum pain in the lumbar region. The findings demonstrated that both groups exhibited a statistically significant decrease in present pain intensity (PPI) score (measured in part 3 of the Short-form McGill Questionnaire), with the kinesiology tape group exhibiting larger decreases in PPI scores and significant decreases in all remaining parts of the Short-Form McGill Questionnaire. Neither group exhibited a significant improvement in lumbar repositioning error (measured with an inclinometer at 45° and 60° of lumbar flexion and 15° of lumbar extension while standing) (4). 

An RCT by Penalver-Barrios et al. compared 62 males and females (age: 49.47 ± 11.15 years) with chronic non-specific low back pain for at least 6 months, a Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire score of 4 or more, pain that improved with skin/fascia mobilization, and no history of vertebral fracture, lumbar spine surgery, inflammatory disease, or neuropathic disease.

 Participants were randomly assigned to a kinesiology tape group or a sham tape group for 4 weeks, 1 application/week, for a total of 4 applications. The kinesiology tape protocol included 5 cm wide tape, applied in a seated position with maximally tolerated lumbar flexion. If pain decreased with skin/fascia mobilization longitudinally, 2 I-strips were placed vertically, with no additional tension, over the paravertebral muscles. If pain decreased to a single point with skin/fascia mobilization in multiple directions, 1-4 I-strips were placed in a star pattern, with 50-75% tension, over the focal point of pain. If pain decreased from a single point with skin/fascia mobilization applied transversely, 1 Y-strip was placed transversely, with no added tension added to the tape, over the focal point of pain. The sham tape protocol included 5 cm tape, applied in a seated position with a neutral posture, using 2 I strips, and no tension in the tape, transversely over non-painful areas of the spine in the lumbar region. The findings demonstrated that both groups exhibited significant and similar decreases in pain (measured with the numeric pain rating scale) and significant improvements in Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire scores 4 weeks after the intervention. However, only the experimental group still exhibited significant improvements 6 months after the intervention (5). 

RCT by Augustsson et al. compared 26 males and females (age: 25 ± 3.5 years) with neck, back, or shoulder pain, with at least a 2/10 pain intensity, discomfort, or fatigue in neck, shoulders, or back associated with prolonged sitting, and no history of severe back or neck injuries within the previous 3 months, or currently receiving treatment for back or neck problems.

 Participants were randomly assigned to a control group (no intervention) or a kinesiology tape group receiving 5 applications over 3 weeks. The kinesiology tape protocol included the Balance Body Tape method over the neck, shoulders, thoracic, and lumbar spine. The findings demonstrated that the kinesiology tape group exhibited statistically significant decreases in pain intensity and a trend toward decreased craniovertebral angle (measured with photographic posture analysis). The control group did not exhibit a significant difference in pain intensity or craniovertebral angle (6). 

In summary, when compared to sham taping, kinesiology tape over the lumbar region of patients with chronic low back pain is likely to result in larger improvements in short-term and longer-term (6-weeks) pain and larger improvements in function, disability, and potentially posture in those individuals exhibiting signs of pain and dysfunction.

Two additional studies investigated the effects of kinesiology tape on the core muscle endurance of participants with chronic low back pain. An 

RCT by Pourahmadi et al. compared 26 males and females (age: 28.32 ± 5.98 years) with chronic non-specific low back pain for at least 3 months, 3-6/10 pain intensity, and no history of surgery, hernia, or radiating pain past the knees. 

Participants were randomly assigned to a kinesiology tape group or a sham tape group for 1 application. The kinesiology tape protocol included 5 cm wide BB tape from WETAPE, applied in a supine position with the hips and knees flexed to 45°, using 3 I-strips, with 50% tension added to the tape, over the internal oblique muscles and the lower abdomen. The sham tape protocol was applied for 1 application, using 5 cm wide BB tape from WETAPE, applied in a supine position, using 1 I-strip, with no tension added to the tape, over the abdomen 2 cm superior to the navel. After a 4-day wash-out period, the participants switched groups. The findings demonstrated that both groups exhibited significant and similar increases in maximum hold times during an isometric abdominal crunch maneuver, a supine double straight-leg raise, and an abdominal drawing-in maneuver (7). 

 RCT by Castro-Sánchez et al. compared 60 males and females (age: 48.5 ± 14) with at least 3 months of chronic non-specific low back pain, a score of 4 or more on the Roland-Morris Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire, and no history of radiculopathy, lumbar stenosis, or previous spinal surgery. 

Participants were randomly assigned to a kinesiology tape group or a sham tape group for 1 application. The kinesiology tape protocol included 5 cm wide tape, applied in a standing position, 4 I-strips in a star pattern, with 25% tension added to the tape, over the point of maximum pain in the lumbar region. The sham tape protocol included 5 cm wide tape, applied in a seated position, using 1 I-strip, transversely applied over the point of maximum pain in the lumbar region. The findings demonstrated that when compared to controls, the kinesiology tape group exhibited significantly larger improvements in Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire scores and trunk flexion ROM 1 week after intervention, but the differences were not significant 4 weeks after intervention. The kinesiology tape group also exhibited significantly larger improvements in pain intensity and trunk muscle endurance 1 week after intervention, and the difference was still significant at 4 weeks (8). 

These studies demonstrate that kinesiology tape over the abdomen and lumbar spine of patients with chronic low back pain may have a significant effect on trunk muscle endurance and pain, as well as a larger effect on trunk ROM. Interestingly, the application of tape to the abdomen with or without tension may be equally effective for improving trunk muscle endurance.

Several studies have investigated whether the addition of kinesiology tape to an exercise program can improve low back pain outcome measures. 

An RCT by Ogunniran et al. compared 35 males and females (age: 45.29 ± 10.79 years) with non-specific chronic low back pain, with or without pain radiating to one or both lower extremities, and no history of surgery to the spine, spondylolisthesis, or scoliosis.

 Participants were randomly assigned to an exercise group, a kinesiology tape group, or a kinesiology tape and exercise group for 8 weeks, 2 sessions/week, for a total of 16 sessions. The exercise protocol was performed for 30 min/session and included supine abdominal bracing with heel slides, bridging, straight leg lifts, bridging with leg lifts, abdominal bracing in quadruped with arm and leg lifts, and alternating leg lifts (sets, reps, loads, rest, and tempo were not discussed). Kinesiology tape was applied 2x/week (16 applications), applied in a standing position while bending forward, using 2 I-strips, with no additional tension added to the tape, over the lumbar paravertebral muscles. The findings demonstrated that all groups exhibited significant decreases in pain (measured with the numeric pain rating scale), significant increases in lumbar flexion and extension ROM (measured using a modified Schober test), and significant improvements in Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire scores, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale scores, Insomnia Severity Index scores, and Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia scores. The kinesiology tape and exercise group exhibited the largest improvements of the 3 groups (9). 

RCT by Pakkir Mohamed et al. compared 60 males (age: 47.1 ± 5.2 years) with chronic low back pain and no history of neurological deficits, back surgery, or other serious pathologies

. The participants were randomly assigned to a conventional therapy group (TENS and exercise) or a kinesiology tape and conventional therapy group for 6 weeks, 2 sessions/week, for a total of 12 sessions. The TENS protocol included 30 min/session of TENS at 60–80 Hz, 50–80 μs pulse width, and 10–30-mA intensity bilaterally over the lumbar region. The exercise protocol included diaphragmatic breathing for 2-3 min/session, transverse abdominal muscle activation, "pelvic girdle," and glute bridges for 3 sets of 15 reps/set, erector spinae strengthening for 3 sets of 8-10 reps/set, front and side planks for 3 sets of 30-sec hold/set, lateral leg raises for 3 sets of 10-15 reps/set, and quadruped cat/camels 3 sets of 10 reps/set. The kinesiology tape protocol included 5 cm wide tape from Cure Tape, applied in a standing position, using 1 Y-strip, with 10-15% tension added to the tape over the lumbar region. The findings demonstrated that both groups exhibited significant increases in lumbar spine flexion ROM (measured with the Modified Schober's Test) and improvements in the Oswestry Low Back Disability Index (ODI) scores during reassessment 2 weeks and 6 weeks after the intervention, with the kinesiology tape and conventional therapy group exhibiting significantly larger changes in both outcomes. Additionally, only the kinesiology tape and conventional therapy group exhibited a significant decrease in pain (measured with the numeric pain rating scale) during both reassessments (10). 

Maggi et al. compared 119 males and females (age: 67.79 ± 9.06 years) with at least 12 weeks of chronic non-specific low back pain, movement limitations, and no history of surgery, or pain caused by rheumatological, neurological, or oncological disease.

 All participants performed back-school training (including exercise) for 3 sessions/week, for a total of 10 sessions, followed by continued home exercise with or without the application of kinesiology taping (3 applications, 4 days between applications). The exercise protocol included 10 min of diaphragmatic breathing, lumbar muscle stretching, erector spinae and abdominal muscle "reinforcement" and "postural exercises” (no additional details were discussed) for 3 sets, 10 reps/set, with a moderate (3 min) rest between sets. The kinesiology tape protocol included 5 cm wide tape from Cure Tape, applied in a standing position with 45° of lumbar flexion, using 3 I-strips, with no tension added to the tape, over the spine and the lumbar paravertebral muscles. The findings demonstrated that following the back training school period, both groups exhibited a similar reduction in pain and improvements in ODI scores. However, following the taping application period, the kinesiology tape group exhibited significantly larger decreases in pain (at rest and during movement), improvements in ODI scores, and a significantly larger increase in spinal flexion ROM (measured with the Schober Method). At 8 weeks and 3 months after the intervention, the kinesiology tape group exhibited additional improvements in pain at rest and ODI scores, but did not exhibit additional improvements in pain during motion or additional increases in flexion ROM (11). 

In summary, these studies demonstrate that the addition of kinesiology tape over the lumbar region, to a supervised or home exercise program intended to treat chronic low back pain, can significantly improve range of motion (ROM), disability, function, and sleep scores and may be particularly effective for reducing pain.

Two additional studies investigated the effects of adding kinesiology tape to an exercise program for scoliosis pain and fibromyalgia. 

An RCT by Atici et al. compared 40 males and females (age: 14-18 years) with Type 1 scoliosis, at least 3 months of back pain, and no history of low back pain, spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis, or lumbosacral transitional anomalies

. Participants were randomly assigned to a kinesiology tape and exercise group, or a sham tape and exercise group, for 4 weeks, 3 sessions of exercise/week, and 1 application of tape/week. The exercise protocol included self-administered static stretching for the concave side of the spinal curvature for 3 sets, 20-sec hold/set, a short (20 sec) rest/set, and strengthening exercises for the convex side of the spinal curvature for 3 sets, 20 reps/set, and a short (20 sec) rest/set. The kinesiology tape protocol included 5 cm wide tape from KinesioTape, applied in a standing position, using 2 I-strips, with 15-25% tension added to the tape on the concave side and 25-50% tension added to the tape on the convex side, over the thoracic spinalis muscles. The sham tape protocol included the same procedure as the kinesiology tape protocol without tension added to the tape. The findings demonstrated that both groups exhibited significant improvements in quality of life scores (measured with the Scoliosis Research Society-22 questionnaire); however, the kinesiology tape group exhibited significantly larger improvements. The kinesiology tape group also exhibited significant decreases in pain (measured with the visual analog scale) (12). 

Celenay et al. compared 36 females (age: 44.0 ± 10.0 years) with moderate to severe fibromyalgia and no history of malignancy, neurologic, infectious, or endocrine diseases.

 Participants were randomly assigned to an exercise group or a kinesiology tape and exercise group for 6 weeks, 2 sessions/week, for a total of 12 sessions. The exercise protocol was performed for a total of 60 min/session, including an unspecified 10 min/session warm-up and 10 min/session cool down. During week 1, spinal stabilization exercises were performed for 40 min/session, including multifidi and transverse abdominis activation, using a pressure biofeedback unit to teach neutral spine posture. During weeks 2-3, the "static phase" included abdominal bracing for 1 set, 10 reps/set, and 10-sec hold/rep in a supine, prone, quadruped, sitting, and standing position, followed by ROM exercises for the upper and lower extremities while maintaining an abdominal brace position for 1 set, 6-12 reps/set. During weeks 3-5, the "dynamic phase" included resisted upper and lower extremity ROM exercises for 1 set, 15 reps/set, using a yellow or red Thera Band (the participant could progress to a heavier load if 15 reps were accomplished without pain or fatigue). Last, during weeks 4 - 6, the "functional phase" included “functional training with an elastic band and exercise balls on an unstable surface” for 1 set, 10 reps/set, and 10-sec hold/rep. 

The kinesiology tape protocol included 5 cm wide tape (the brand was not discussed), applied in a standing position with slight spinal flexion, using 3 Y strips, with 25-50% tension added to the tape, from T12 to the superior border of the scapula and axilla (over the thoracolumbar fascia and latissimus dorsi). The findings demonstrated that both groups exhibited significant and similar improvements in scores for parts of the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire score (i.e., increased health status overall, days felt good, less work impairment, fatigue, morning tiredness, stiffness, anxiety, depression), improvements in parts of the Nottingham Health Profile (increased quality of life overall, decreased pain, emotional reactions, improvement sleep, physical abilities, and energy level), and improvements in the Jenkins Sleep Scale score. Both groups also exhibited statistically significant improvements; however, the kinesiology tape and exercise group exhibited significantly larger improvements in pain, fatigue, the Beck Depression Index score, parts of the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire score (i.e., work missed, stiffness, days felt good), and energy levels as part of the Nottingham Health Profile for quality of life scores (13). T

hese studies suggest that the addition of kinesiology tape to an exercise treatment program for scoliosis pain or fibromyalgia may result in significantly larger improvements in pain, function, quality of life, sleep scores, mental health, and energy levels.

Kinesiology Tape for Low Back Pain During Pregnancy

Two studies were located investigating the benefits of kinesiology tape for pregnant women with low back pain. 

An RCT by Kaplan et al. compared 71 pregnant females (age: 25.09 ± 4.95 years) with low back pain of at least 4/10 pain intensity, 10-30 weeks gestational age, and no history of leg pain, orthopedic disorders (e.g., scoliosis, spinal injuries), or low back pain before pregnancy. 

Participants were randomly assigned to a medication-only group or a kinesiology tape and medication group for 1 application of kinesiology tape and medication daily for 5 days. The medication protocol included paracetamol 1500mg/day. The kinesiology tape protocol included 5 cm wide tape from KinesioTape, applied in a standing position with the spine flexed, using 4 I strips in an H pattern, with 50% tension on the tape, over the lumbar region. The findings demonstrated that both groups exhibited statistically significant decreases in pain intensity during rest and movement (measured with a visual analog scale) and improvements in the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire scores; however, the kinesiology tape and medication group exhibited significantly larger improvements in both outcome measures (14). 

An RCT by Chamnankrom et al. compared 40 pregnant females (age: 30.7 ± 4.0 years) with mechanical low back pain of at least 1/10 pain intensity, gestational age between 28 and 38 weeks, the ability to walk at least 20 meters, and no history of severe musculoskeletal disorders such as disc herniation or spinal fracture, chronic back pain before pregnancy, or high-risk pregnancy. 

Participants were randomly assigned to a kinesiology tape group or a sham tape group for 1 application. The kinesiology tape protocol included 5 cm wide tape from KinesioTape, applied in a standing position with the spine flexed, using 4 I strips in an H pattern, with 50% tension added to the tape, over the lumbar region. The sham tape protocol included the same procedure as kinesiology tape, with no tension added to the tape. The findings demonstrated that both groups exhibited significant decreases in pain (measured with the visual analog scale) and improvements in the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire scores 1 week after application, with the kinesiology tape exhibiting larger improvements in both outcome measures, including a reduction in pain immediately after application. 

Additionally, both groups exhibited significant and similar increases in walking speed for 20 meters (calculated by dividing the distance by time) immediately and 1 week after application (15). An RCT by Ordahan et al. compared 50 pregnant females (age 25.60 ± 5.90 years) with sacroiliac joint pain based on tenderness of the posterior inferior iliac spine bilaterally, positive signs on 3 of 4 orthopedic tests, and no history of lumbar spine disc herniation, previous injury, or lumbar spine surgery. Participants were randomly assigned to a kinesiology tape and exercise group or a sham tape and exercise group for 5 weeks, 1 application of tape/week, for a total of 5 applications. The exercise protocol included quadriceps and hip adductor stretching, hip adductor isometric exercise, and trunk rotation (sets, reps, loads, rest, and tempo were not discussed). The kinesiology tape protocol included 5 cm wide tape from KinesioTape, applied in a seated position with lumbar flexion, using 3 I-strips, with 80% tension added to the tape, obliquely over the gluteus maximus and the sacroiliac joint bilaterally, and transversely over the L5-S1 region. Sham tape was applied for 5 applications, using 5 cm wide tape from KinesioTape, applied in a seated position with lumbar flexion, using 1 I-strip, with no tension added to the tape, transversely over the L5-S1 region. 

The findings demonstrated that the kinesiology tape and exercise group exhibited a significant decrease in pain (measured with the visual analog scale) and significant improvements in the Rolland Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire scores. The sham tape and exercise group did not exhibit significant differences in any outcome measure (16). 

In summary, when treating pregnant women with low back pain, kinesiology tape over the lumbar region may significantly improve pain and disability scores when compared to sham tape or when added to a regimen of exercise or paracetamol (acetaminophen). Further, the application of kinesiology tape, with or without tension, may enhance walking speed and distance.

A few studies have compared the effectiveness of kinesiology tape to other physical modalities. 

Bataller-Cervero et al. compared 28 male and female assembly-line workers (age: 35-50 years) who stood throughout the day, who had missed work in the last 2 years due to lumbar pain, and had scored less than 90% on a lumbar functionality test during a prior assessment.

 Participants were randomly assigned to a lumbar support brace group for 8 weeks, 5 days/week, for 8 hours/day, or a kinesiology tape group for 8 weeks, 1 application/week, for a total of 8 applications. The lumbar support group wore an Activmov Lombafit brace by BSN Medical. The kinesiology tape protocol included 2 I-strips, with no tension added to the tape, over the lumbar paravertebral muscles. The findings demonstrated that the lumbar support group exhibited a trend toward an increase in the longissimus flexion-relaxation ratio (measured with surface EMG) bilaterally that failed to reach statistical significance, and the kinesiology tape group exhibited a trend toward an increase in the left longissimus flexion-relaxation ratio that failed to reach statistical significance (17). 

An RCT by Alikhajeh et al. compared 36 females (age: 50.7 ± 4.2 years) with at least 3 months of chronic non-specific low back pain and no history of osteoporosis or bone disorders of the spine (e.g., spondylosis, fracture, and lumbar spine stenosis).

 Participants were randomly assigned to a control group, an aquatic therapy group, or a kinesiology tape group for 6 weeks, 3 sessions/week, for a total of 18 sessions. The control group received no intervention. Aquatic therapy was performed for 1 hour/session, including a warm-up of respiratory control, hamstring, iliopsoas, and calf stretches with 30-sec hold/stretch, and aquatic exercises including various walking, changes of direction, trunk rotation, and shoulder motions. Kinesiology tape was applied for 18 applications, using 5 cm wide Visiocare Tape applied in a standing position with the spine flexed, 2 I-strips, with 10-15% tension added to the tape applied vertically over the lumbar paravertebral muscles, and 1 I-strip, with 10-15% tension applied transversely over the L4 spinous process. The findings demonstrated that the aquatic therapy group and the kinesiology tape group exhibited significant and similar decreases in pain intensity and ODI scores; however, the aquatic therapy group exhibited a trend towards larger improvements (that failed to reach statistical significance). Conversely, the control group exhibited more pain and disability (18). 

An RCT by Aguilar-Ferrandiz et al. compared 58 males and females (age 25-65) with at least 3 months of chronic low back pain, a score of 4 points or more on the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), and no history of lumbar stenosis, radiculopathy, spondylolisthesis, or fibromyalgia.

 Participants were randomly assigned to an electric stimulation and exercise group or a kinesiology tape and exercise group for 4 weeks, 3 sessions/week, for a total of 12 sessions. The exercise protocol included diaphragmatic breathing for 2-3 min, transverse abdominis activation for 3 sets, 15 reps/set, “pelvic girdle" for 3 sets of 15 reps/set, glute bridges for 3 sets of 15 reps/set, prone Supermans for 3 sets of 8-10 reps/set, front plank for 3 sets of 30-sec hold/set, side plank for 3 sets of 30-sec hold/side/set, lateral leg-raises for 3 sets of 10-15 reps/set, and quadruped cat camels for 3 sets of 10 reps/set. Electric stimulation was applied for 40 min/session, using TENS, with a frequency of 30-50 Hz, a phase duration of 200 ms, in continuous mode, over the lumbar paravertebral muscles. Kinesiology tape was applied for 12 applications, using 5 cm wide tape (the brand was not discussed), applied in a standing position with the trunk flexed, using 2 I strips, with no tension added to the tape, over the paravertebral muscles, and 4 I strips in a star pattern, with 25% tension added to the tape, over the point of maximum pain in the lumbar region. 

The findings demonstrated that both groups exhibited statistically significant decreases in the intensity of the pain (measured with the numeric pain rating scale), anxiety and depression (measured using the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories), significant increases in pain pressure threshold (measured with an algometer), and significant improvements in the Oswestry Disability Index scores, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores. The electrical stimulation and exercise group exhibited significant improvements in kinesiophobia (measured with the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia) and a larger decrease in the intensity of pain and improvements in disability. Neither group exhibited significant increases in straight leg raise or slump test ROM (19). 

These studies indicate that kinesiology tape and lumbar braces may result in similar small effects on the longissimus flexion-relaxation ratio. However, kinesiology tape alone appears to be less effective than aquatic therapy in enhancing low back pain and function. Further, when used in conjunction with exercise, kinesiology tape may be less effective than Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) in reducing low back pain and kinesiophobia.

Three studies were located that compared the effects of manual therapy with and without the addition of kinesiology tape. 

An RCT by Added et al. compared 148 males and females (age: 18-60 years) with at least 3 months of chronic non-specific low back pain and no history of serious spine or nerve root pathology.

 Participants were randomly assigned to a therapy group or a therapy and kinesiology tape group for 5 weeks, 2 sessions/week, for a total of 10 sessions. Therapy was performed for 30-60 min/session, including joint mobilization and myofascial release "appropriate to the patient," and endurance and strengthening exercises for the rectus abdominis, gluteus maximus, transversus abdominis, and lumbar multifidi (specific exercises were not discussed), for 3 sets of 10 reps/set. Kinesiology tape was applied for 10 applications, using 5 cm wide tape from KinesioTape, applied in a standing position with the trunk flexed, using 2 I-strips, with 10-15% tension added to the tape, over the paravertebral muscles from the sacroiliac joint to T12 bilaterally. The findings demonstrated that both groups exhibited statistically significant and similar improvements in pain intensity, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire scores, Global Perceived Effect scale scores, and MedRisk Instrument for Measuring Patient Satisfaction scores (20). 

An RCT by Llamas-Ramos et al. compared 28 males and females (age: 18-67 years) with mechanical low back pain for more than 2 months and no history of pathology, trauma, or neurological disorders.

 The participants were randomly assigned to a kinesiology tape group or a sham tape group for 3 weeks, 2 sessions/week, for a total of 6 weeks. Both groups received manual therapy, including passive lumbar spine mobilizations, spinal erector massage, lumbar muscle pressure inhibition, passive stretching, and active exercises (no details were discussed). The kinesiology tape protocol included the application of 3-I strips in an H pattern, with no tension added to the tape, over the lumbar region. The sham tape protocol included the same procedure but used rigid tape. The findings demonstrated that during assessment following 1-week of intervention, both groups exhibited significant and similar decreases in pain intensity, lumbar spine ROM (measured with a goniometer), and ODI scores. During reassessment following 3 weeks and 1 month, the kinesiology tape group exhibited continued improvement for all outcome measures except ODI, flexion ROM, and left lumbar rotation ROM. The sham tape group exhibited some additional improvements following 3 weeks; however, between 3 weeks and 1 month, only extension ROM and left lateral bending ROM exhibited significant improvement (21) 

an RCT by Schmidt et al. compared 110 males and females (age: 52.4 ± 12.81 years) with at least 12 weeks of chronic low back pain with a 4-8/10 pain intensity, and no history of neurological disorders, stenosis, disc herniation, or surgery. 

Participants were randomly assigned to a physiotherapy group for 3 weeks, 2 sessions/week, for a total of 6 sessions, or a kinesiology tape and manual therapy group for 3 weeks, 1 session/week, for a total of 3 sessions. The physiotherapy protocol included 20 min/session of “standard physiotherapy" for chronic low back pain and education about their condition. The manual therapy protocol included manual compressive therapy on “areas of abnormal hardening” in the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and mandibular regions, determined via palpation. The kinesiology tape protocol (tape width and brand not discussed) was applied in a seated position with spinal flexion, using approximately 6 I-strips. First, 2 I-strips with no additional tension were applied over the lumbar paravertebral muscles, and then 3 I-strips in a star pattern with 100% tension were applied over the maximum point of pain in the lumbar region. In the case of radiating pain, an I strip with 80% tension was added to the tape over the gluteus maximus. 

The findings demonstrated that both groups exhibited significant improvements in scores on the Quality of Life Profile for the Chronically Ill and finger-to-floor distance (measured using a scale fixed to the wall); however, the kinesiology tape and manual therapy group exhibited significantly larger improvements in both outcome measures. Both groups exhibited similar trends toward improvements in pain intensity and ODI scores (failed to reach statistical significance) (22). In summary, the addition of kinesiology tape to manual therapy (and exercise) may result in some improvements in ROM, quality of life scores, and function, and when compared to the addition of rigid tape, may result in continued improvement for additional weeks.

One study investigated the effects of different amounts of tape. 

An RCT by Kim et al. compared 32 healthy males and females (age: 38.94 ± 5.61 years) with no history of musculoskeletal, neurological, or orthopedic disorders, disc herniation, or scoliosis in the last 6 months.

 Participants were randomly assigned to an erector spinae tape group (tape on the erector spinae only) or an extensive tape group (tape on the erector spinae, latissimus dorsi, lower trapezius, internal oblique abdominis, and external oblique abdominis) for 1 application. The kinesiology tape protocol included 5 cm wide BB tape from WETAPE, applied in a standing position, using 2-10 I-strips (depending on the group), with 20-25% tension added to the tape over the erector spinae only, or the erector spinae, latissimus dorsi, lower trapezius, internal oblique abdominis, and external oblique abdominis muscles (depending on the group). 

The findings demonstrated that both groups exhibited statistically significant increases in back extensor muscle endurance (measured with the Biering-Sorensen test), but the extensive tape group exhibited significantly larger increases (23). This study may imply that more kinesiology tape can result in larger improvements in extensor muscle endurance; however, this study was performed on healthy individuals who may require more tape to exhibit significant improvements, and the participant's tissue tolerance should be considered.

Kinesiology Tape Compared to Different Types of Tape

Research has compared the effects of kinesiology tape on low back pain to rigid tape and sham tape applications. 

An RCT by Garcia Pires et al. compared 63 males and females (age: 46.0 ± 11.1 years) with chronic non-specific low back pain or discomfort lasting at least 3 months, with or without referred leg pain, and no history of fracture, previous spinal surgery, or neurological, cardiovascular, or infectious diseases.

 Participants were randomly assigned to a control group (no intervention), a kinesiology tape group, or a rigid tape group for 1 application. The kinesiology tape protocol included 5 cm wide tape from KinesioTape, applied in a standing position with trunk flexion, using 2 I-strips, with 10-15% tension on the tape, over the longissimus muscles. The rigid tape protocol included 5 cm wide surgical tape from Missner, applied in a standing position with trunk flexion, using 2 I strips, over the longissimus muscles. The findings demonstrated that neither group exhibited significant changes in the amplitude and frequency of EMG muscle activity of the iliocostalis and longissimus muscles (24). 

An RCT by Banerjee et al. compared 54 healthy males and females (age: 23.2 ± 6.4 years) with no history of ongoing or undiagnosed pain or current use of prescribed or over-the-counter medication.

 Participants were randomly assigned to a rigid tape group, a kinesiology tape group, or a sham tape group, for 1 application. The rigid tape protocol included applying 5 cm wide strips of Strappel tape over the lumbar region in a standing position with a neutral spine. The kinesiology tape protocol included applying 5 cm wide strips of Rocktape over the lumbar region in a standing position with the spine flexed and rotated, using 5 I-strips, with 20% tension added to the tape. The sham tape protocol included applying 5 cm wide strips from Rocktape in a standing position with the spine flexed, using 3 I-strips, with no tension added to the tape. The backing was only removed from the ends of the tape, and the remaining lengths of the tape were laid over the skin without being adhered over the lumbar region. The findings demonstrated that all groups exhibited significant and similar increases in warm-detection-threshold (measured using a thermal sensory analyzer), heat-pain-threshold (measured using a thermal sensory analyzer), and heat-pain-toleration (measured using a thermal sensory analyzer). 

When compared to sham tape, both tape interventions resulted in statistically significant and similar increases in mechanical-detection-threshold (measured using von Frey Filaments), mechanical-pain-threshold (measured using a Pinprick Stimulator), and pain pressure threshold (measured using an algometer) (25). 

An RCT by Bozhurt et al. compared 51 males and females (age: 18-50 years) with at least 3 months of lumbar radiculopathy symptoms and no history of spinal surgery, central nervous system damage, or rheumatic disease. 

Participants were randomly assigned to a rigid tape group, a kinesiology tape group, or a sham tape group, for 2 weeks, 5 applications/week, for a total of 10 applications. All groups performed a standard physiotherapy program in conjunction with taping applications. The physiotherapy protocol included 5 min of ultrasound at 1.5 w/cm² continuous frequency, followed by 20 min of TENS at 50–100 Hz frequency, 50–100 μs current, and 20 min of hot pack application over the lumbar region. Following these modalities, the exercise protocol included lumbar extensor and hamstring stretches for 1 set, 5 reps/set, 30 sec hold/rep, posterior pelvic tilts and straight leg raises for 2 sets, 10 reps/set, and abdominal crunches for 2 sets, 10 reps/set, with 5 sec hold/rep. The rigid tape protocol included 5 cm wide Betafix tape, applied in a standing position with the lumbar spine flexed and rotated to either side (depending on the application step), using 2 I-strips, with no tension added to the tape, over the lumbar paravertebral muscles. The kinesiology tape protocol included 5 cm wide tape, applied in a standing position with the lumbar spine flexed and rotated to either side, using 2 I-strips, with 10% tension added to the tape, over the lumbar paravertbral muscles. The sham tape protocol included 5 cm wide Betafix tape, applied in a standing position, using 2 I-strips, with no tension added to the tape, and applied transversely over the inferior angle of the scapulae. 

The findings demonstrated that all groups exhibited significant improvements in pain (measured with the visual analog scale), ODI scores, and the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire scores (RMDQ). The kinesiology tape group exhibited a significantly larger decrease in pain than the other groups. The sham tape and rigid tape groups exhibited significant increases in tissue temperature, but the kinesiology tape group did not. Only the kinesiology taping group exhibited significantly different results than the sham tape group in tissue temperature, ODI, and RMDQ scores (26). 

These studies suggest that neither rigid tape nor kinesiology tape has a significant effect on iliocostalis and longissimus muscle EMG activity; however, when compared to sham tape, both rigid tape and kinesiology tape result in statistically significant increases in mechanical detection threshold, mechanical pain threshold, and pain pressure threshold. Additionally, rigid tape, kinesiology tape, and sham tape (kinesiology tape without tension) have significant and similar effects on Owestry Disability Index scores and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire scores, but kinesiology tape (with tension) does have a larger effect on pain intensity.

Two studies were located that compared kinesiology tape for the lower back to types of tape other than rigid tape. 

An RCT by Macedo et al. compared 60 females (age: 25.64 ± 6.0 years) with chronic non-specific low back pain of greater than 2/10 pain intensity and no history of spinal disorders or use of anti-inflammatory medications 24 hours before the study

. Participants were randomly assigned to a control group (no intervention), a kinesiology tape group, a micropore tape group, or a sham tape group for 1 application. The kinesiology tape protocol included 5 cm wide tape from KinesioTape, applied in a seated position with slight trunk flexion, using 2 I-strips, with 10-15% tension added to the tape over the lumbar paravertebral muscles. Micropore and sham tape protocols used the same procedure as the kinesiology tape protocol, in a seated position with a neutral spine, without tension added to the tape. The findings demonstrated that the kinesiology and sham tape groups exhibited statistically significant and similar decreases in pain (measured with the numeric pain rating scale) 3 days after application. The kinesiology tape group also exhibited a significant improvement in the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire score. None of the groups exhibited a significant difference in spinal range of motion (measured with a smartphone app inclinometer), maximum voluntary isometric contraction (measured with electromyography), or trunk extensor strength (measured with a dynamometer) (27). 

Alahmari et al. compared 45 males (age: 37.2 ± 8.97 years) with at least 3 months of chronic non-specific low back pain with a 3/10 pain intensity, a disability rating of at least 20% on the ODI, and no history of pain radiating to the knee, lumbar disc herniation, spinal pathology, or surgery. 

Participants were randomly assigned to a control group (no intervention), a Dynamic Tape (note, this is a brand of tape) group, or a KinesioTape tape group for 1 application worn for 3 days. The Dynamic Tape and KinesioTape protocol included 5 cm wide tape from Dynamic Tape or KinesioTape, initially the ends of the tape were applied in standing with the lumbar spine extended, using 2 I-strips, with 10-15% tension added to the tape while the lumbar spine was flexed, over the lumbar paravertebral muscles from the PSIS to T12 bilaterally. 

The findings demonstrated that both interventions and the control group exhibited statistically significant increases in back extensor endurance (measured with the Biering-Sorensen test), and both interventions resulted in statistically significant decreases in pain (measured with the visual analog scale). However, the Dynamic Tape group exhibited a significantly larger increase in back extensor endurance and spine mobility (measured with the modified Schober’s Test). Note that none of the groups exhibited significant improvements in the ODI or Tampa Scale of kinesiophobia scores (28). 

These studies imply that kinesiology tape with or without tension may result in larger improvements in pain and disability than micropore tape. Further, the brand of kinesiology tape may have a significant effect on pain and muscle endurance outcomes (Dynamic Tape resulted in better outcomes than Kinesiotape).

Research Review: Kinesiology Taping of the Lumbar Spine and Trunk

The Brookbush Institute recommends using kinesiology tape to reinforce positions acquired with mobility and activation techniques, with the intent of improving carryover from session to session. Kinesiology tape should not be used as a stand-alone intervention. Further, we rarely apply tape directly to painful areas with the sole intent of reducing pain.

 Individuals with sensitive skin or known sensitivities/allergies to adhesives (e.g., the adhesive used on band-aids) should not use the tape. Kinesiology tape should also not be used over open wounds.

To determine the appropriate length of tape, lay it over the area you intend to tape while it remains on the roll. It may be necessary to cut a piece of tape shorter than required to cover the taping area because adding tension to the tape will increase its length. Once the desired length of tape is identified, create a crease in the tape at the desired length. Finally, cut the tape from the roll at the crease.

Round all corners of the tape by folding it in half (without creasing) and trimming both sides simultaneously. Rounding the corners reduces the chance that the corners will begin to peel away prematurely.

Create a Crease for Tearing the Paper Backing: 

Fold and crease the tape where you intend to tear the paper backing, typically at the center of the tape or 2-4 centimeters from the ends. Note that the ends of the tape will serve as "anchors," which are applied without tension to ensure proper adhesion.

Ensure the patient is in the correct position before beginning the application of the tape. Once the adhesive side is exposed, the tape will easily stick to itself or other surfaces. Attempting to set the tape down, reposition the patient, and pick up the tape again without the tape adhering to itself or something else is quite challenging.

Tear the paper backing by pulling the tape apart around the crease, starting at one edge and working your way across. Peel back approximately one inch of the backing (starting from the edge furthest from the tape's end) to create paper tabs. These paper tabs allow you to handle the tape during application without touching the adhesive. The remaining paper will be removed when securing the anchors.

First, expose the portion of the tape you intend to apply. Then, lengthen the tape to the desired amount of tension and firmly press the tensioned section onto the skin. Press and rub the tape into the skin to ensure all portions and edges of the exposed tape are flat and securely adhered. This will help prevent the tape from lifting or rolling. Note, try not to allow creases to form in the adhered tape. Creases can create extra tension and skin irritation and can cause sores and blisters in high-pressure/friction areas like the bottom of the feet.

After adhering the tape to the skin, remove the paper backing from the anchor ends and gently press them into place without adding tension. Applying tension to the anchors may cause them to peel away at the edges.

After applying the tape, take a moment to press and rub all portions and edges again to ensure they are flat and fully adhered. Be mindful of sensitive areas (e.g., near the groin, breasts, or buttocks), and if necessary for the patient's comfort, ask the patient to press the tape down themselves in these regions.

Teach the Patient How to Remove the Tape: 

The adhesive on kinesiology tape is strong and can damage the skin if removed carelessly. Do not rip the tape off. Instead, brace the skin and remove the tape in the direction of hair growth. Even in areas with "no hair," there is generally a direction of peach fuzz or hair follicles. Use the opposite hand to pull the skin taut in the opposite direction you are pulling the tape.

 to be a reliable choice for our patients, which include a significant number of athletes and advanced exercisers.

Standard scissors are not suitable for cutting kinesiology tape. The strong adhesive and thick elastic fabric can quickly dull regular scissors. We recommend using fabric scissors for optimal results (e.g. 

 are a convenient alternative. Note that fabric scissors are incredibly sharp. Be careful. Handle them with the respect you would handle a high-quality kitchen knife.

Technique and Recommendations: Kinesiology Tape

For this technique, it is recommended to use 4-inch wide tape, or 2 strips of 2-inch wide tape, cut to a length slightly shorter than the width of the lower back (approximately 5 to 7 inches).

Round the corners of the tape by folding it in half (without creating a crease) and trimming both sides simultaneously.

Lightly crease the center of the tape to facilitate tearing the paper backing during application.

 The ideal position for this taping technique is the "

." However, if the patient experiences discomfort or pain in this position, the tape may be applied with the patient standing and bent forward at the waist (as if “taking a bow”), supporting themselves with their elbows on the table. The intent is to apply the tape while the lumbar spine is in slight flexion, creating a stretch in the skin over the lower back.

Tear the paper backing at the center crease by pulling the tape apart around the crease. Peel back approximately 2 inches of the paper backing from either side of the crease to create tabs for handling the tape during application.

 Expose approximately 4 to 5 inches of tape between the tabs created in the previous step. Stretch the tape to about 50% of its full tension by fully stretching the tape and then relaxing it to the midpoint between no stretch and maximum stretch. Firmly press this tensioned section over the painful area of the lumbar spine, ensuring the anchors remain covered by the paper backing. Press and rub the tape into the skin to ensure that all portions of the tape are flat and adhered from edge to edge.

Once the tensioned portion of the tape is adhered, remove the paper backing from the anchors and gently press them into place without applying tension. Avoid stretching the anchors, as this may cause them to lift at the edges.

 After applying the tape, rub over it again to ensure all edges and ends are fully adhered to the skin. Be cautious around sensitive areas (e.g., the buttocks), and if necessary, ask the patient to press down the tape in these regions to reduce any patient discomfort.

Teach the Patient How to Remove the Tape:

 Due to the difficulty of removing this tape independently, it is recommended that the patient remove it during a hot shower or after generously applying rubbing alcohol over the tape to help break down the adhesive. Instruct the patient to use one hand to pull the skin below the tape taut and use the other hand to gently roll the tape up, following the direction of hair growth (Typically, hair in this area grows in a cranial direction).

Kinesiology Taping: Lumbar Spine and Trunk

Related Courses:

Course Summary: Lumbar Spine and Trunk Kinesiology Taping

Course Study Guide: Kinesiology Taping: Lumbar Spine and Truck

Introduction: Lumbar Spine and Trunk Kinesiology Taping
1 Sub Section

Research Summary: Kinesiology Taping the Lumbar Spine and Trunk

Research Review: Kinesiology Taping of the Lumbar Spine and Trunk

Technique and Recommendations: Kinesiology Tape

Lumbar Spine (Decompression) Kinesiology Taping

Core (Diaphragm, Glutes, and Low Back Decompression) Kinesiology Taping

Sample Intervention (Anterior Pelvic Tilt)

Bibliography

Related Courses:

Comments

Guest

Kinesiology Taping: Lumbar Spine and Trunk

Related Courses:

Course Summary: Lumbar Spine and Trunk Kinesiology Taping

Course Study Guide: Kinesiology Taping: Lumbar Spine and Truck

Introduction: Lumbar Spine and Trunk Kinesiology Taping1 Sub Section

Research Summary: Kinesiology Taping the Lumbar Spine and Trunk

Research Review: Kinesiology Taping of the Lumbar Spine and Trunk

Technique and Recommendations: Kinesiology Tape

Lumbar Spine (Decompression) Kinesiology Taping

Core (Diaphragm, Glutes, and Low Back Decompression) Kinesiology Taping

Sample Intervention (Anterior Pelvic Tilt)

Bibliography

Related Courses:

Comments

Guest

Introduction: Lumbar Spine and Trunk Kinesiology Taping
1 Sub Section