Tibialis Anterior

This course describes the anatomy and integrated function of the tibialis anterior muscle (a.k.a. anterior tibialis, shin muscle, anterior leg muscle, ant tib, tib ant, or T.A. muscle). This muscle originates on the anterior side of the tibia, and the tibialis anterior tendon inserts (anterior tibialis insertion) on the medial and plantar surface of the foot (medial cuneiform and first metatarsal). The muscle is composed of a much larger percentage of type I muscle fibers than type II muscle fibers, and it is innervated by the deep fibular nerve. The tibialis anterior muscle lies within the anterior compartment, the tibialis anterior tendon crosses the ankle joints and transverse tarsal joints of the foot. Because of the superficial location of this muscle in the anterior compartment, a little resisted dorsiflexion will result in a visible contraction of the tibialis anterior on the shin, and tautness of the tibialis anterior tendon on the anterior side of the ankle.

This muscle is the primary dorsiflexor of the ankle, will contribute to the inversion of the ankle, and is an important supinator of the foot. This course also describes the role of the tibialis anterior on ankle (talocrural) joint arthrokinematics, fascial integration (plantar fascia and the medial longitudinal arch of the foot), postural dysfunction (e.g. pes planus), and subsystem integration (e.g. deep longitudinal subsystem ). For example, this course discusses the synergistic function of the tibialis with the tibialis posterior and flexor hallucis longus (FHL), and how this synergy affects the posterior glide of the talus during supination of the foot.

Sports medicine professionals (personal trainers, fitness instructors, physical therapists, massage therapists, chiropractors, occupational therapists, athletic trainers, etc.) must be aware of the integrated function of the tibialis anterior for the detailed analysis of human movement, and the development of sophisticated exercise programs and therapeutic (rehabilitation) interventions. Further, this course is essential knowledge for future courses discussing injury prevention and physical rehabilitation, including the treatment of tibialis anterior pain, pes planus (a.k.a. flat feet, flatfoot deformity, adult acquired flat foot, functional pes planus), tibialis anterior tendinopathy, shin splints (a.k.a. medial tibial stress syndrome), plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendonitis, and ankle impingement, and more serious injuries like tibialis anterior tendon tear, or muscle rupture. Further, this course aids in preparing for courses on tibialis anterior exercises and techniques for enhancing sports performance (e.g. ensuring ideal tibialis activity and strength for optimal foot and ankle joint stability, strength, power, and agility).

Pre-approved credits for:

• Human Movement Specialist (HMS) Certification

Pre-approved for Continuing Education Credits for:

• Athletic Trainers
• Chiropractors
• Group Exercise Instructors
• Massage Therapists
• Occupational Therapists - Intermediate
• Personal Trainers
• Physical Therapists
• Physical Therapy Assistants
• Physiotherapists
• Yoga Instructors

This Course Includes:

• AI Tutor
• Study Guide
• Text and Illustrations
• Audio Voice-over
• Research Review
• Technique Videos
• Sample Routine
• Practice Exam
• Pre-approved Final Exam

Additional Courses:

• Tibialis Anterior Exercises (Activation)

Additional Videos:

• Tibialis Anterior Isolated Activation (Dorsiflexion and Inversion)
• Tibialis Anterior Reactive Activation

Caption: The tibialis anterior running from the tibia to the foot

1. Phillip Page, Clare Frank, Robert Lardner, Assessment and Treatment of Muscle Imbalance: The Janda Approach © 2010 Benchmark Physical Therapy, Inc., Clare C. Frank, and Robert Lardner
2. Dr. Mike Clark & Scott Lucette, “NASM Essentials of Corrective Exercise Training” © 2011 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
3. Donald A. Neumann, “Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System: Foundations of Rehabilitation – 2nd Edition” © 2012 Mosby, Inc.
4. Michael A. Clark, Scott C. Lucett, NASM Essentials of Personal Training: 4th Edition, © 2011 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
5. Leon Chaitow, Muscle Energy Techniques: Third Edition, © Pearson Professional Limited 2007
6. Tom Myers, Anatomy Trains: Second Edition. © Elsevier Limited 2009
7. Shirley A Sahrmann, Diagnoses and Treatment of Movement Impairment Syndromes, © 2002 Mosby Inc.
8. David G. Simons, Janet Travell, Lois S. Simons, Travell & Simmons’ Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction, The Trigger Point Manual, Volume 1. Upper Half of Body: Second Edition,© 1999 Williams and Wilkens
9. Cynthia C. Norkin, D. Joyce White, Measurement of Joint Motion: A Guide to Goniometry – Third Edition. © 2003 by F.A. Davis Company
10. Cynthia C. Norkin, Pamela K. Levangie, Joint Structure and Function: A Comprehensive Analysis: Fifth Edition © 2011 F.A. Davis Company
11. Florence Peterson Kendall, Elizabeth Kendall McCreary, Patricia Geise Provance, Mary McIntyre Rodgers, William Anthony Romani, Muscles: Testing and Function with Posture and Pain: Fifth Edition © 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
    
12. Karel Lewit. Manipulative Therapy: Musuloskeletal Medicine © 2007 Elsevier
13. David B. Jenkins, Hollinshead’s Functional Anatomy of the Limbs and Back: Eighth Edition © 2002 Saunders
14. Lee, S. S., & Piazza, S. J. (2008). Inversion–eversion moment arms of gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior measured in vivo. Journal of biomechanics, 41(16), 3366-3370
15. Luchanscky E., Paz Z: Variations in the Insertion of the Tibialis Anterior Muscle. Anat Anz 161:129-136, 1986
16. Henriksson-LArsen K: Distribution, number and size of different fiber types in whole cross-sections of female m tibialis anterior. An enzyme histochemical study. Acta Physiol Scand 123;229-235, 1985
17. Henrisson-LArsen K, Friden J, Wretling ML, Distribution of the fibre sizes in human skeletal muscle. An enzyme histochemical study in m tibialis anterior. Acta Physiol Scand 123:171-177, 18985
18. Henriksson-Larsen KB, Lexell J, Sjostrom M: Distribution of different fibre types in human skeletal muscle. I. Method for preperation and analysis of cross-section of whole tibialis anterior. Histochem J 15:167-178, 1983
19. Helliwell TR, Coakley J, Smith PEM, et al.: The Morphology and morphometry of the normal human tibialis anterior muscle. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 13:297-307, 1987
20. Gray ER: The Role of leg muscles in variations of the arches in normal and flat feet. Phys Ther 49:1084-1088, 1969
21. Dell DR, Padua DA. Influence of ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and lower leg muscle activation on knee vagus during a double legged squat. J Athl Train 2007; 42 S84
22. Bell, D. R., Oates, D. C., Clark, M. A., & Padua, D. A. (2013). Two-and 3-dimensional knee valgus are reduced after an exercise intervention in young adults with demonstrable valgus during squatting. Journal of athletic training,48(4), 442-449
23. Alberto B, Oprandi G, Lanfranco F, Allasia S, Maffiuletti N, Minetto M, Atlas of the muscle motor points for the lower limb: implications for electrical stimulation procedures and electrode positioning Eur J Appl Physiol (2011) 111:2461–2471
24. Lemos T, Imbiriba LA, Vargas C, et al. (2015). Modulation of tibialis anterior muscle activity changes with upright stance width. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 168-174.
25. Wang R, Gutierrez-Farewik EM. (2011). The effect of subtalar inversion/eversion on the dynamic function of the tibialis anterior, soleus, and gastrocnemius during stance phase of gait. Gait & Posture. 29-35
26. Zuil-Escobar JC, Martinez-Cepa CB, Martin-Urrialde JA, et al. (2015). Prevalence of myofascial trigger points and diagnostic criteria of different muscles in function of the medial longitudinal arch. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 96:1123-1130
27. Rathleff MS, Samani A, Olesen CG, et al. (2011). Inverse relationship between the complexity of midfoot kinematics and muscle activation in patients with medial tibial stress syndrome. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 638-644.
28. Chon S, You JH, Saliba SA. (2012). Cocontraction of ankle dorsiflexors and transversus abdominis function in patients with low back pain. Journal of Athletic Training. 47(4): 379-389