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Human Movement Science Concepts 1: Video #26 of Introduction to Functional Anatomy
Video #26 of Introduction to Functional Anatomy is an introduction to Human Movement Science Concepts. This video covers the body’s anatomical movements involved in functional activity, including the concept of motion, muscle contraction, joint movement, and articulating segments. This video also discusses the importance of proper application of movement science principles in strength training and injury prevention. Additionally, this video presents valuable insight into the use of biomechanics to enhance movement performance and efficiency.
Transcript
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Posture, there is an argument on whether
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these postural dysfunction models,
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movement impairment models even work. You know the real problem with that whole
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argument is, it all comes down to the definition of what posture is. What we
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consider posture. What we generally think of as posture, is our mom making us walk
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around the living room with a book on her head right. This whole thing guys,
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like steam like the old movies with like, you got to walk with good posture, and
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then sit up straight, right that's not all posture is right. Postured you're
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alluding to it with that stuff, you're alluding to an ideal alignment. But if
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we're going to make a definition of posture and it's going to match everything I've
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taught you before, then it also has to include all systems right, because I said
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you can't take out any one system. Rule number one, if it affects the human
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movement system it affects all systems; muscle, fascial, skeletal, neural. So I made
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my own definition of posture, why not. To me
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ideal posture is ideal arthro and osteo kinematics. What does that mean?
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Both the gross movements we talked about; abduction, adduction, flexion, extension as
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well as the joint on joint orbone on bone tiny movements; spin, roll, glide,
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compression, distraction. Arthro and osteo kinematics maintained by optimal
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myofascial, so that's the combination of what and what?
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Muscle and fascia right. Optimal myofascial activity in length. So the
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right amount of tone, the right length, no adaptive shortening, no restriction, as
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a result of accurate of sensation, integration, and activation by the
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nervous system, both statically and dynamically. How is that for a mouthful.
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haha, it's a long definition, but why does it have to be long? It has to be, it has
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to be clear, and I think some of the arguments we get to in this industry and
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you're going to, you're going to run into them guys. You're in school now, so you know
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one school of thought, but you're going to get out into the field and realize that
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there was a lot of schools that contributed to a lot of the information
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that we use. This definition is broad-based so that it does cover a lot
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of areas, and so that we're all speaking the same language. Now in the absence of
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ideal posture, we have postural dysfunction. Postural dysfunction is the
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absence of ideal posture as a result of maladaptation by oneM or multiple
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tissues in the human body. So if I have a strain, a strain is what? It's it's, it's a
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tearing of myofascial tissue right. So depending on the level of the strain -it
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might be micro tears all the way up to a complete rupture right, that affects my
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muscular and fascial system. Is it also going toaffect my nervous system? Sure. Is
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it going to affect the arthro kinematics? You think if you tore your psoas
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it's going to mess with your hip? Sure, sure that makes sense.
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Postural dysfunction to movement impairment. You guys will see the terms
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movement impairment, in fact I recommended a book yesterday
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Shirley Sahrmann's 'Diagnosis and Treatment of Movement
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Impairment Syndromes', we're talking the same language. We might use different words,
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we're talking the same language. Why do you think I have that picture up there, they
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both had injuries. Colby's had a pretty long almost injury
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free career, except for contact. Most of his injuries have been contact related,
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until recently he's a little older though. Dwight Howard though is a young guy, has
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he been injury prone? Yeah. Where? Low back. Does anybody see the amount of an
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anterior pelvic tilt he has? You think that played a role, and his feet turn out
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pretty good too in that picture, although he could just be posing. But you guys get
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what I'm saying there right, like maybe these two things are, you know I can't
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say for certain that his anterior pelvic tilt caused his low back pain, it could
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be his low back pain causes anterior pelvic tilt. I don't know for sure, but to
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me there seems to be a correlation between one guy on the right who has pretty
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good posture, and has had a nice long career, only mildly obstructed by injury,
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versus the guy on the left who fairly young and his career started having some
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serious problems that put him out for a good portion of a couple seasons, and he
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has a crazy anterior pelvic tilt. Guys going to get where I'm going with that.
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Neuromuscular efficiency is the ability of the neuromuscular system to allow
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agonist, antagonist, stabilizers and neutralizers to work synergistically to
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produce reduce and dynamically stabilize the entire kinetic chain in all three
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planes. I gave you that same definition yesterday, you guys remember that? Gave
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you the same definition yesterday that I stole from NASM, and by stole I mean
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borrowed, and I asked nicely and I'm citing my source. I think NASM Pro is now
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a different website but you guys can go to NASM.org.
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Now let's look at that definition with all of the information that you guys now
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have. The ability of the neuromuscular system,
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so what am I talking about? The link between who and who? The central nervous
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system and the muscular system, to allow agonists, prime movers, antagonists -the
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opposite of the prime movers, stabilizers and neutralizers alright. So in agonists
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we're probably talking about prime movers and synergists, the way they're
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using it there. Antagonists between stabilizers and neutralizers, we're also
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including fixators right. So now you got all those definitions, all those roles of
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muscles to work synergistically, meaning together to produce, reduce and
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dynamically stabilize, what type of joint muscle actions are we talking
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about? Contractions, so produce -concentric, reduce -eccentric and dynamically
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stabilized -isometric, the entire kinetic chain in all three planes. Going all the
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way back to the beginning of yesterday sagittal, frontal and transverse. When you
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look at that definition - that should give you an inclination of what you
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should be doing with people, right. Can you guys see that now. Can you guys just
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start to put all the sudden you start thinking like man I gotta start doing
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something with my lower body that's not in the sagittal plane. Right I have to, I
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have to go back and work on those transverse planes step ups that we
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learned yesterday. You know what I also have to do with my step ups, stop falling
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off the step. Maybe I should step up and slowly let myself down, and start working
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on my eccentric ability to reduce force. Can I land softly right, that's eccentric.
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Crazy how far we've come in the matter of 12 hours.
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Length tension relationships, you guys ever heard this term? What does this mean?
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Right so there is in, we're going to we're going to broaden that definition a little
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bit, and say optimal length equals optimal force. Now the question is is we
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have to understand length tension a little bit more than that, and realize it
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all goes back to the sliding filament theory. You guys remember the sliding
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filament theory, all right. So if I draw one sarcomere, do you guys remember what
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a sarcomere is? The smallest working unit of a muscle right. If I draw one
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sarcomere, here's the actin the thin filament, and here's my myosin. Now we
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theorized that the way contraction happens is by what? The ratcheting of the
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myosin heads pulling across actin.
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Now it's also theorized that the amount of force a muscle can produce, is related
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to how many what? How many cross bridges are happening right. Can you guys see how
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if maybe this muscle got a little shorter I'd get more cross bridges going,
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whereas if it was longer right let's say I'm out here,
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now how much force am I going to be able to produce? Well if it works out that, if it
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works out that well then two-thirds less, you guys can see how it would produce
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less force. I'd like to think of those little cross bridges like row boats, like
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like rows in crew you know, yeah like you put the the oar in and then what do you
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do? Power stroke pull, and then what do you have to do? Take the oar out return
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pull again. As long as there's enough water to pull against, you keep producing
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force. Now the thing I think a lot of people don't get about laying tension
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other than the practical application is, is it real good for a muscle to be real
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short? No because you start end up having overlap of actin, which is where my
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rowboat analogy kind of falls apart.
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Yeah it's more like you have another boat right next to you, can't get the oar
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in the water right. Everywhere that overlaps you can't get good cross
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bridging, all right if you can't get good cross bridging you can't produce a lot of
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force, not to mention our cells filled with nothing.
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Now what's inside cells organelles and in a muscle cell it's not cytoplasm it's
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sarcoplasm right, so it's like squeezing a water balloon at a certain point, like
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you have stuff in there. You start butting up against the internal
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resistance of the cell itself. So here's our length tension relationship, now
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let's let's make this practical, we know if it's too long it's going to produce less
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force, if it's too short it's going to produce less force it has to be just the
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right length. If I do a cable crossover, you guys ever try cable crossovers? You
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get two cables this way right, take a big step forward
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and then you do one of these. Old-school exercise, I'm not saying I actually do
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these, but you guys have all done cable crossovers at some point. So if I start
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right here and I try to pull forward, is it hard or easy at this point? Hard, why?
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Muscles are, my PEC is super long I can't get a lot of cross bridging, but then I
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get in here, what happens? I'll feel like a beast all right and then has anybody
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ever tried to do this, has anybody ever tried to cross their hands? Because you'll
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you won't feel what I'm talking about if you just do it like this which a lot of
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people do, but you try this experiment go like this and then try to do this, try to
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cross your hands, it does not work out very well.
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You'll start shaking and it won't work as well because length tension
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relationship right. So I think a lot of people think that the link, if I was to
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draw it on a graph and this is force production
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right, and this is length. So we're gonna say short, long, ideal. What would my graph
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look like for length tension relationship?
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Yeah it'd be it upside down U, it would look like this.
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It might not not always be a perfect U, it might be skewed to one side or
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another depending on what muscle, but it's going to be a u-shape upside-down
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u-shaped curve, does that make sense? How does this relate to posture, well if I'm
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standing like this, well better yet I'm standing like this right,
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I'm captain protraction / ILS king of the bench press but only on Mondays, because
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Mondays national chest day right, you got this, I'm this guy right here, what's up
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with these muscles? They're short right, are they gonna be able to produce
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optimal force? What's up with the muscles on my back? They're long, so are they
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going to be able to produce optimal force? No so good, now all of the muscles
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that cross my shoulders are incapable of producing what? Optimal force. This is the
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guy if you're in performance enhancement or you're a personal trainer who you
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want to see, or a girl for that matter, anybody you can get ahold of right,
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because you're going to walk up to him and go, you know what all of the muscles
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across your shoulder a weak. No I'm just kidding do not say that to some jack guy
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at the gym who walks over like this, it's not the way to get a client, but this is
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how you get a client like that; how much you bench? You don't actually have to
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tell me the truth pretend you're this guy, pretend you this guy how much do you
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bench? 405lbs, geez it's a pretty good bench, how
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did you like to be able to bench 425 today? Who would say no right.
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How long would it take you to actually go from 405 to 425 if you were just
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going put the time in and do it old school, pretty long time, weeks, months
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hard work, but think about how much is being stolen from this guy because
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nothing at its at its optimal length. If I can get his posture back to normal,
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there is a good chance that I didn't actually make him stronger.
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What did I allow him to do? Allow him to have access to force he already had in
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this system that was being robbed from him. You can do this with athletes too
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vertical jump to run faster, I don't know what position you play in soccer but if
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running huh, is that is it important to be able to sprint real fast? Can you guys
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tell like i know soccer, but if I see something like that, what was your name
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again I'm sorry, Jess, if I see something like that in Jes; let's say she walks
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out of here looking like a duck right, feet turned out like this, I see
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something like that, how would you like to be able to sprint faster today? Yeah I
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know that if I can get her here. correct these length tension relationships,
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performance will go up -because I'm back at the top of that that upside down U.
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You guys get what I'm saying? Cool.
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Reciprocal inhibition, you guys know what reciprocal inhibition is? What does this -
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break down that word.
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So reciprocal means opposite, to inhibit means to slow down right, putting up
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resistance. Reciprocal inhibition is a normal neuromuscular reflex on the body.
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The neuromuscular reflex that when your elbow flexors contracts, who gets the
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signal to tone down a little bit? No no I'm saying so your biceps let's say
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contract to flex your elbow, what muscle gets the signal to? The triceps
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get the signal to tone down just a little bit, does that make sense? Has to
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happen, we want that to happen so that the elbow moves smoothly. However
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when we're talking about this stuff, what starts to happen is we start to have
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altered reciprocal inhibition; so when a muscle gets a little short it starts to
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become overactive, the tone increases right, it's neural drive increases which
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is kind of like that muscle constantly getting a signal that it's on, which
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means what is it's going to do to its antagonist? It's going to reciprocally
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inhibit it a little bit all the time. You guys know about the dreaded droopy glute
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syndrome right, the droopy glute syndrome, everybody knows the droopy glute
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syndrome eventually. Your glutes used to be here, and now they're here right. I'm
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talking in literal space, in literal space right. What's a big part of droopy
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glute syndrome? People complaining that their glutes have gotten soft,
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who has a big propensity to get tight? Psoas, psoas becomes a little overactive so
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basically you're psoas is kind of like on all the time, and your body goes ohhh
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psoas is on guess who I need to shut down, glute. You guys see how that works? So
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normal reciprocal inhibition is great, hip flexion my glutes should set down a
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little bit so that my leg does what swings nicely. You gotta tone down the
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hip flexors, which is we'll talk about more this afternoon.
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Does that all make sense, so you got normal reciprocal inhibition then you
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have altered. Synergistic dominance, that's a great picture huh, she's doing a
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what? A deadlift. So she's doing a deadlift, who
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should be, what what joint action is a deadlift? Hip extension, hip extension
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right. I want stability here, I want to move here right. So who should be
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my prime mover of hip extension? My glutes, who's her prime mover? Yeah we
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see a lot of excessive lumbar and even cervical extension, so all of her erector
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spinae, remember I said erector spinae starts here, ends here. She's using that
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erector spinae to compensate for it. Maybe she has droopy glute syndrome I
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don't know, I don't know this woman. She's using her erector spinae to make
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up for the fact that her what isn't working? Her glutes. In which case she's
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probably also going to be using her hamstrings, this is what's called
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synergistic dominance -when what was the prime mover tries to take over I'm sorry
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I back that up, the prime mover shuts down a little bit and the synergists try
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to take over for that joint action.
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