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American Occupational Therapy Association

Manual release techniques for the commonly overactive muscles of the cervical spine. Soft tissue release techniques for the suboccipitals, sternocleidomastoid (SCM), scalenes, and cervical extensors (multifidi). Advanced soft tissue, massage, trigger point palpation, and mobilization techniques to inhibit antagonists. The reliability and validity of manual release techniques for forward head, shoulders elevate, neck pain, shoulder pain, headache, and upper body dysfunction.

Static Manual Release: Suboccipitals, Sternocleidomastoid (SCM), Scalenes and Cervical Extensors (Multifidi) (Cervical Dysfunction)

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Brookbush Institute

I have almost completed my CPT certification and am half-way through the Human Movement certification to inform my massage practice. The different modalities of reading, watching audiovisual materials, and attending live or recorded webinars have been important to my learning style and for review.

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I have my personal trainer certificate through here and am almost finished my human movement specialist certification. Overall, the education that Brookbush has packaged together for clinicians and trainers is invaluable. I am a physio assistant so coming from more of a rehab background I appreciate that this education has been beneficial both as a trainer and in a rehab setting. I love that I have been able to do all learning at my own pace and able to work around my schedule. Thank you for setting up this platform! Highly recommend :)

I have been a massage therapist for 10 yrs and I feel like all the “pieces” I’ve learned throughout the yrs have been put into place and can see the full picture. I am also a member to tons of great content since I love to learn! I plan to get my CPT through them as well.

I have been following Brent Brookbush for nearly a decade- back when I was a personal Trainer and now as a Physical Therapist. BBI is an incredible resource for any movement nerds and corrective exercise specialists! The information is thorough with multiple real world applications. I am looking forward to an in-person Manual Therapist course the second they do one a little bit closer to Virginia ;)

I have taken both the Human Movement Specialist and Certified Personal Trainer certificate programs and have found the value in understanding the how and ways the body moves and functions and from evidence, non-biased, outcome, conceptual, theoretical, and practical approach to helping my clients/patients look better, feel better, and move better.

Over the last years I've returned time and again to Brookbush Institute for stellar coursework as I've worked toward a Human Movement Specialist certification. (I'm currently ACE CPT, and in training with Anatomy Trains for Structural Integration Manual Therapy.) Every Brookbush Institute module is fantastic and each one includes detailed informational videos, written descriptions of how to-do, and, more importantly, why to-do!

I am a 70 yr old chiropractor and no other healthcare provider was able to come up with an exercise protocol particular to my structural and balances and muscle deficits and keep me in the game. And as for continuing education on human skeletal movement, the website is phenomenal full of great exercises for particular mechanical dysfunction.

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Challenging concepts are explained in very understandable terms without dumbing down the material, and I find this program to be superior in quality to other personal training programs.

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Courses

Integrated Manual Therapist

This course describes static manual release techniques for cervical spine muscles commonly assessed as over-active and prone to trigger point development. Unfortunately, it is easy to be confused by a large number of synonyms for the terms used for these techniques. For example, the techniques described in this course may be considered refinements of neck massage, cervical massage therapy, therapeutic massage, deep tissue massage, sports massage, trigger point massage, static compression techniques, cervical soft tissue mobilization, muscle inhibitory techniques, and manual therapy techniques. Even the term trigger point is referred to by a variety of synonyms including muscle knots, nodules, adhesions, over-active muscle fibers, hypertonic fascicles, and acute points of hyper-contractility, and the trigger point phenomenon is likely part of every reference to short muscles, muscle tightness, muscle spasm, upper back stiffness, neck stiffness, etc. Part of the reason there are so many synonyms is the rich history of scientific inquiry, from multiple disciplines and cultures, that have contributed to our understanding of the techniques described in this course.

This course includes techniques for the suboccipitals, sternocleidomastoid (SCM), scalenes, and cervical extensors (multifidi) muscles. Release techniques for these muscles are commonly included in an integrated program designed to address neck pain, neck stiffness, upper back pain, scapular (shoulder blade) muscle pain, upper arm pain, and potentially radiculopathy ("pinched nerve"). These techniques may also aid in addressing poor posture correlated with the cervical spine, upper thoracic spine, scapula, and shoulder dysfunction, including forward head posture, thoracic kyphosis, and rounded shoulder posture. Last, these techniques may be beneficial when included in an integrated program designed for shoulder dysfunction (e.g. shoulder impingement syndrome), upper arm and elbow dysfunction (e.g. lateral epicondylitis), and lower back pain (lumbar spine dysfunction).

The techniques in this course are recommended for all clinical human movement professionals (physical therapists, physical therapy assistants, athletic trainers, massage therapists, chiropractors, occupational therapists, etc.) to develop an evidence-based, systematic, integrated, patient-centered, patient-centered, and outcome-driven approach.

Suboccipital Muscle Manual Static Release

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) Manual Static Release

Deep Cervical Extensor Manual Static Release

Static Manual Release: Upper Trapezius, Levator Scapulae and Splenii

Static Manual Release: Suboccipitals, Sternocleidomastoid (SCM), Scalenes and Cervical Extensors

Static Manual Release: Hip Internal Rotators

Static Manual Release: Hip External Rotators

Static Manual Release: Tibia External Rotators

For a review of muscle fiber dysfunction and trigger point etiology:

Muscle Fiber Dysfunction and Trigger Points

Course Description: Suboccipitals, Sternocleidomastoid (SCM), Scalenes and Cervical Extensors (Multifidi) Static Manual Release

Introduction

For a complete review of muscle fiber dysfunction, trigger point etiology, assessment and intervention, please check out:

Signs of over-activity and/or a maladaptive decrease in length:

Note: Gross movement exams may be beneficial for identifying asymmetry, significant restriction, and pain with movement; however, cervical rotation, flexion, and extension are not reliable goniometric assessments.

: Weak or With Compensation (Cervical Protraction)

It is advised that additional mobility techniques, as well as 

 and integration techniques, follow release techniques. The over-activity of muscles in this course may be associated with under-activity of the following muscles:

Longus colli, longus capitis and rectus capitis anterior (deep neck flexors)

Foam Roll Prone Cobra with Cervical Retraction

Suboccipitals

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

Scalenes

Deep Cervical Extensors (Multifidus)

Research Corner

Suboccipital Static Manual Release

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) Static Manual Release

Scalene Static Manual Release

Deep Cervical Extensor (Multifidus) Static Manual Release

Videos

Florence Peterson Kendall, Elizabeth Kendall McCreary, Patricia Geise Provance, Mary McIntyre Rodgers, William Anthony Romani

Assessment and Treatment of Muscle Imbalance: The Janda Approach

Simons, D. G., Travell, J. G., & Simons, L. S. (1999). 

Travell & Simons' myofascial pain and dysfunction: upper half of body

Falla, D., Jull, G., & Hodges, P. W. (2004). Feedforward activity of the cervical flexor muscles during voluntary arm movements is delayed in chronic neck pain. 

(1), 43-48. (Delayed onset of DCF with arm movement)

Jull, G. A. (2000). Deep cervical flexor muscle dysfunction in whiplash. 

Jull, G., Barrett, C., Magee, R., & Hodges, P. (1999). Further clinical clarification of the muscle dysfunction in cervical headache. 

(3), 179-185. (Decreased activity of deep cervical flexors)

Jull, G., Kristjansson, E., & Dall’Alba, P. (2004). Impairment in the cervical flexors: a comparison of whiplash and insidious onset neck pain patients. 

Falla, D., O'Leary, S., Farina, D., & Jull, G. (2011). Association between intensity of pain and impairment in onset and activation of the deep cervical flexors in patients with persistent neck pain. 

Falla, D., O’Leary, S., Fagan, A., & Jull, G. (2007). Recruitment of the deep cervical flexor muscles during a postural-correction exercise performed in sitting. 

Jull, G.A., Falla, D., Vicenzino, B., Hodges, P.W. (2009). The effect of therapeutic exercise on activation of the deep cervical flexor muscles in people with chronic neck pain. Manual Therapy. 14: 696-701.

Jull, G., Trott, P., Potter, H., Zito, G., Niere, K., Shirley, D., … & Richardson, C. (2002). A randomized controlled trial of exercise and manipulative therapy for cervicogenic headache. 

Van Ettekoven, H., & Lucas, C. (2006). Efficacy of physiotherapy including a craniocervical training programme for tension‐type headache; a randomized clinical trial. 

Kwon JW, Son SM, Lee NK. (2015). Changes in upper-extremity muscle activities due to head position in subjects with a forward head posture and rounded shoulders. 

Helgadottir, H., Kristjansson, E., Einarsson, E., Karduna, A., & Jonsson, H. (2011). Altered activity of the serratus anterior during unilateral arm elevation in patients with cervical disorders. 

Journal of electromyography and kinesiology

Thigpen CA, Padua DA, Michener LA, Guskiewicz K, Giuliani C, Keener JD, Stergiou N. (2010). Head and shoulder posture affect scapular mechanics and muscle activity in overhead tasks. 

Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology

Martin-Herrero, C., de Souza Rodrigues, D. P., Alburquerque-Sendin, F., Ortega-Santiago, R., & Fernández-de-Las-Peñas, C. (2012). Myofascial trigger points, pain, disability and quality of sleep in patients with chronic tension-type headache: a pilot study. 

Alonso-Blanco, C., Fernández-de-Las-Peñas, C., Fernández-Mayoralas, D. M., de-la-Llave-Rincón, A. I., Pareja, J. A., & Svensson, P. (2011). Prevalence and anatomical localization of muscle referred pain from active trigger points in head and neck musculature in adults and children with chronic tension-type headache. 

Palacios-Ceña, M., Castaldo, M., Wang, K., Catena, A., Torelli, P., Arendt-Nielsen, L., & Fernández-de-Las-Peñas, C. (2017). Relationship of active trigger points with related disability and anxiety in people with tension-type headache. 

Palacios-Ceña, M., Wang, K., Castaldo, M., Guillem-Mesado, A., Ordás-Bandera, C., Arendt-Nielsen, L., & Fernández-de-las-Peñas, C. (2018). Trigger points are associated with widespread pressure pain sensitivity in people with tension-type headache. 

Fernández-de-las-Peñas, C., Alonso-Blanco, C., Cuadrado, M. L., & Pareja, J. A. (2006). Myofascial trigger points in the suboccipital muscles in episodic tension-type headache. 

Fernández-de-las-Penas, C., Ge, H. Y., Alonso-Blanco, C., González-Iglesias, J., & Arendt-Nielsen, L. (2010). Referred pain areas of active myofascial trigger points in head, neck, and shoulder muscles, in chronic tension type headache. 

Journal of bodywork and movement therapies

Fernández-de-las-Peñas, C. (2010). New evidence for trigger point involvement in tension-type headaches. 

Fernández-de-las-Penas, C., Fernández-Mayoralas, D. M., Ortega-Santiago, R., Ambite-Quesada, S., Palacios-Cena, D., & Pareja, J. A. (2011). Referred pain from myofascial trigger points in head and neck–shoulder muscles reproduces head pain features in children with chronic tension type headache. 

Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, C., Alonso‐Blanco, C., Cuadrado, M. L., Gerwin, R. D., & Pareja, J. A. (2006). Trigger points in the suboccipital muscles and 

Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain

Fernández-de-las-Penas, C., Cuadrado, M. L., Arendt-Nielsen, L., Ge, H. Y., & Pareja, J. A. (2008). Association of cross-sectional area of the rectus capitis posterior minor muscle with active trigger points in chronic tension-type headache: a pilot study. 

American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation

Giamberardino, M. A., Tafuri, E., Savini, A., Fabrizio, A., Affaitati, G., Lerza, R., … & Mezzetti, A. (2007). Contribution of myofascial 

Calandre, E. P., Hidalgo, J., García‐Leiva, J. M., & Rico‐Villademoros, F. (2006). Trigger point evaluation in migraine patients: an indication of peripheral sensitization linked to migraine predisposition?. 

Fernández-de-Las-Peñas, C., Cuadrado, M. L., & Pareja, J. A. (2006). Myofascial trigger points, neck mobility and 

Ferracini, G. N., Chaves, T. C., Dach, F., Bevilaqua-Grossi, D., Fernández-de-las-Peñas, C., & Speciali, J. G. (2016). Relationship between active trigger points 

Ferracini, G. N., Florencio, L. L., Dach, F., Chaves, T. C., Palacios-Ceña, M., Fernández-de-las-Peñas, C., … & Speciali, J. G. (2017). Myofascial trigger points and migraine-related disability in women with episodic and chronic migraine. 

Fernández-de-Las-Peñas, C., Alonso-Blanco, C., & Miangolarra, J. C. (2007). Myofascial trigger points in subjects presenting with mechanical neck pain: a blinded, controlled study. 

Lluch, E., Nijs, J., De Kooning, M., Van Dyck, D., Vanderstraeten, R., Struyf, F., & Roussel, N. A. (2015). Prevalence, incidence, localization, and pathophysiology of myofascial trigger points in patients with spinal pain: a systematic literature review. 

Journal of manipulative and physiological therapeutics

Fernández-Pérez, A. M., Villaverde-Gutiérrez, C., Mora-Sánchez, A., Alonso-Blanco, C., Sterling, M., & Fernández-de-las-Peñas, C. (2012). Muscle trigger points, pressure pain threshold, and cervical range of motion in patients with high level of disability related to acute whiplash injury. 

journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy

Castaldo, M., Ge, H. Y., Chiarotto, A., Villafane, J. H., & Arendt-Nielsen, L. (2014). Myofascial trigger points in patients with whiplash-associated disorders and mechanical neck pain. 

Alonso-Blanco, C., Fernández-De-Las-Peñas, C., de-la-Llave-Rincón, A. I., Zarco-Moreno, P., Galán-del-Río, F., & Svensson, P. (2012). Characteristics of referred muscle pain to the head from active trigger points in women with myofascial temporomandibular pain and fibromyalgia syndrome. 

Doraisamy, M. A., Kumar, C. P., & Gnanamuthu, C. (2010). Chronic tension type headache and the impact of myofascial trigger point release in the short term relief of headache. 

Quinn, C., Chandler, C., & Moraska, A. (2002). Massage therapy and frequency of chronic tension headaches. 

Moraska, A. F., Schmiege, S. J., Mann, J. D., Butryn, N., & Krutsch, J. P. (2017). Responsiveness of Myofascial Trigger Points to Single and Multiple Trigger Point Release Massages: A Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial. 

Rizo, A. M. H., Pascual-Vaca, Á. O., Cabello, M. A., Blanco, C. R., Pozo, F. P., & Carrasco, A. L. (2012). Immediate effects of the suboccipital muscle inhibition technique in craniocervical posture and greater occipital nerve mechanosensitivity in subjects with a history of orthodontia use: a randomized trial. 

Sedighi, A., Ansari, N. N., & Naghdi, S. (2017). Comparison of acute effects of superficial and deep dry needling into trigger points of suboccipital and upper trapezius muscles in patients with cervicogenic headache. 

Fernández-De-Las-Peñas, C., Cleland, J. A., Cuadrado, M. L., & Pareja, J. A. (2008). Predictor variables for identifying patients with chronic tension-type headache who are likely to achieve short-term success with muscle trigger point therapy. 

Itoh, K., Katsumi, Y., Hirota, S., & Kitakoji, H. (2007). Randomised trial of trigger point acupuncture compared with other acupuncture for treatment of chronic neck pain. 

Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, C., Cleland, J. A., Palomeque‐del‐Cerro, L., Caminero, A. B., Guillem‐Mesado, A., & Jiménez‐García, R. (2011). Development of a Clinical Prediction Rule for Identifying Women With Tension‐Type Headache Who Are Likely to Achieve Short‐Term Success With Joint Mobilization and Muscle Trigger Point Therapy. 

Espí López, G. V., & Oliva Pascual-Vaca, A. (2012). Atlanto-Occipital Joint Manipulation and Suboccipital Inhibition Technique in the Osteopathic Treatment of Patients with Tension-Type Headache. 

European Journal Osteopathy & Clinical Related Research, 2012, vol. 7, num. 1, p. 10-21

Espí-López, G. V., Gómez-Conesa, A., Gómez, A. A., Martínez, J. B., Pascual-Vaca, Á. O., & Blanco, C. R. (2014). Treatment of tension-type headache with articulatory and suboccipital soft tissue therapy: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. 

Oliveira-Campelo, N. M., Rubens-Rebelatto, J., MartÍn-Vallejo, F. J., Alburquerque-SendÍn, F., & Fernández-de-las-Peñas, C. (2010). The immediate effects of atlanto-occipital joint manipulation and suboccipital muscle inhibition technique on active mouth opening and pressure pain sensitivity over latent myofascial trigger points in the masticatory muscles. 

Journal of orthopaedic & sports physical therapy

Bablis, P., Pollard, H., & Bonello, R. (2008). Neuro Emotional Technique for the treatment of trigger point sensitivity in chronic neck pain sufferers: A controlled clinical trial. 

Lluch, E., Arguisuelas, M. D., Coloma, P. S., Palma, F., Rey, A., & Falla, D. (2013). Effects of deep cervical flexor training on pressure pain thresholds over myofascial trigger points in patients with chronic neck pain. 

Hanten, W. P., Barrett, M., Gillespie-Plesko, M., Jump, K. A., & Olson, S. L. (1997). Effects of active head retraction with retraction/extension and occipital release on the pressure pain threshold of cervical and scapular trigger points. 

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) (19, 20, 23, 31 - 33, 35, 44)

Wytrążek, M., Huber, J., Lipiec, J., & Kulczyk, A. (2015). Evaluation of palpation, pressure algometry, and electromyography for monitoring trigger points in young participants. 

(73) Falla, D., Bilenkij, G., & Jull, G. (2004). Patients with chronic neck pain demonstrate altered patterns of 

 activation during performance of a functional upper limb task. 

(74) Falla, D., Jull, G., Edwards, S., Koh, K., & Rainoldi, A. (2004). 

scalene muscles in patients with chronic neck pain. 

(75) Falla, D., Jull, G., & Hodges, P. W. (2004). Feedforward activity of the cervical flexor muscles during voluntary arm movements is delayed in chronic neck pain. 

(113) Falla, D., Jull, G., Hodges, P., & Vicenzino, B. (2006). An endurance-strength training regime is effective in reducing myoelectric manifestations of cervical flexor 

 fatigue in females with chronic neck pain. 

Palazzi, C., Miralles, R., Soto, M. A., Santander, H., Zuñiga, C., & Moya, H. (1996). Body position effects on EMG activity of sternocleidomastoid and masseter muscles in patients with myogenic cranio-cervical-mandibular dysfunction. 

Fernández-de-las-Peñas, C., Simons, D. G., Cuadrado, M. L., & Pareja, J. A. (2007). The role of myofascial trigger points in musculoskeletal pain syndromes of the head and neck. 

Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, C., Alonso‐Blanco, C., Cuadrado, M. L., Gerwin, R. D., & Pareja, J. A. (2006). Myofascial 

 and their relationship to headache clinical parameters in chronic 

Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, C., Cuadrado, M. L., & Pareja, J. A. (2007). Myofascial trigger points, neck mobility, and forward head posture in episodic tension‐type headache. 

Florencio, L. L., Ferracini, G. N., Chaves, T. C., Palacios-Ceña, M., Ordás-Bandera, C., Speciali, J. G., … & Fernández-de-las-Peñas, C. (2017). Active trigger points in the cervical musculature determine the altered activation of superficial neck and extensor muscles in women with migraine. 

Tali, D., Menahem, I., Vered, E., & Kalichman, L. (2014). Upper cervical mobility, posture and myofascial trigger points in subjects with episodic migraine: case-control study. 

Fernández-de-las-Peñas, C., Alonso-Blanco, C., Alguacil-Diego, I. M., & Miangolarra-Page, J. C. (2006). Myofascial trigger points and postero-anterior joint hypomobility in the mid-cervical spine in subjects presenting with mechanical neck pain: A pilot study. 

Muñoz-Muñoz, S., Muñoz-García, M. T., Alburquerque-Sendín, F., Arroyo-Morales, M., & Fernández-de-las-Peñas, C. (2012). Myofascial 

, pain, disability, and sleep quality in individuals with mechanical neck pain. 

Fernández-de-las-Peñas, C., Galán-del-Río, F., Alonso-Blanco, C., Jiménez-García, R., Arendt-Nielsen, L., & Svensson, P. (2010). Referred pain from muscle trigger points in the masticatory and neck-shoulder musculature in women with temporomandibular disoders. 

Zuñiga, C., Miralles, R., Mena, B., Montt, R., Moran, D., Santander, H., & Moya, H. (1995). Influence of variation in jaw posture on sternocleidomastoid and trapezius electromyographic activity. 

Alonso-Blanco, C., Fernandez-de-las-Penas, C., Morales-Cabezas, M., Zarco-Moreno, P., Ge, H. Y., & Florez-Garcia, M. (2011). Multiple active myofascial trigger points reproduce the overall spontaneous pain pattern in women with fibromyalgia and are related to widespread mechanical hypersensitivity. 

Gerwin, R. D., Shannon, S., Hong, C. Z., Hubbard, D., & Gevirtz, R. (1997). Interrater reliability in myofascial trigger point examination. 

Bodes-Pardo, G., Pecos-Martín, D., Gallego-Izquierdo, T., Salom-Moreno, J., Fernández-de-las-Peñas, C., & Ortega-Santiago, R. (2013). Manual treatment for cervicogenic headache and active trigger point in the sternocleidomastoid muscle: a pilot randomized clinical trial. 

von Stülpnagel, C., Reilich, P., Straube, A., Schäfer, J., Blaschek, A., Lee, S. H., … & Heinen, F. (2009). Myofascial trigger points in children with tension-type headache: a new diagnostic and therapeutic option. 

Missaghi, B. (2004). Sternocleidomastoid syndrome: a case study. 

The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association

Roth, J. K., Roth, R. S., Weintraub, J. R., & Simons, D. G. (2007). Cervicogenic headache caused by myofascial trigger points in the sternocleidomastoid: a case report. 

Cantarero-Villanueva, I., Fernández-Lao, C., Fernández-de-las-Peñas, C., López-Barajas, I. B., Del-Moral-Ávila, R., de la-Llave-Rincón, A. I., & Arroyo-Morales, M. (2012). Effectiveness of water physical therapy on pain, pressure pain sensitivity, and myofascial trigger points in breast cancer survivors: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. 

Hanten, W. P., Olson, S. L., Butts, N. L., & Nowicki, A. L. (2000). Effectiveness of a home program of ischemic pressure followed by sustained stretch for treatment of myofascial trigger points. 

Santander, H., Miralles, R., Pérez, J., Valenzuela, S., Ravera, M. J., Ormeño, G., & Villegas, R. (2000). Effects of head and neck inclination on bilateral sternocleidomastoid EMG activity in healthy subjects and in patients with myogenic cranio-cervical-mandibular dysfunction. 

Graff-Radford, S. B., Reeves, J. L., Baker, R. L., & Chiu, D. (1989). Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on myofascial pain and trigger point sensitivity. 

Wilke, J., Vogt, L., Niederer, D., Hübscher, M., Rothmayr, J., Ivkovic, D., … & Banzer, W. (2014). Short-term effects of acupuncture and stretching on myofascial trigger point pain of the neck: a blinded, placebo-controlled RCT. 

Fernandez-Lao, C., Cantarero-Villanueva, I., Fernandez-de-las-Penas, C., Del-Moral-Avila, R., Arendt-Nielsen, L., & Arroyo-Morales, M. (2010). Myofascial trigger points in neck and shoulder muscles and widespread pressure pain hypersensitivtiy in patients with postmastectomy pain: evidence of peripheral and central sensitization. 

Fernández-Pérez, A. M., Villaverde-Gutiérrez, C., Mora-Sánchez, A., Alonso-Blanco, C., Sterling, M., & Fernandez-de-las-Penas, C., Gröbli, C., Ortega-Santiago, R., Fischer, C. S., Boesch, D., Froidevaux, P., … & González-Iglesias, J. (2012). Referred pain from myofascial trigger points in head, neck, shoulder, and arm muscles reproduces pain symptoms in blue-collar (manual) and white-collar (office) workers. 

Jalil, N. A., Awang, M. S., & Omar, M. (2010). Scalene myofascial pain syndrome mimicking cervical disc prolapse: a report of two cases. 

The Malaysian journal of medical sciences: MJMS

Treaster, D., Marras, W. S., Burr, D., Sheedy, J. E., & Hart, D. (2006). Myofascial trigger point development from visual and postural stressors during computer work. 

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Static Manual Release: Suboccipitals, Sternocleidomastoid (SCM), Scalenes and Cervical Extensors (Multifidi) (Cervical Dysfunction)

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Course Description: Suboccipitals, Sternocleidomastoid (SCM), Scalenes and Cervical Extensors (Multifidi) Static Manual Release

Introduction

Research Corner
4 Sub Sections

Videos
4 Sub Sections

Bibliography

Related Courses:

Comments

Guest

Static Manual Release: Suboccipitals, Sternocleidomastoid (SCM), Scalenes and Cervical Extensors (Multifidi) (Cervical Dysfunction)

Related Courses:

Course Description: Suboccipitals, Sternocleidomastoid (SCM), Scalenes and Cervical Extensors (Multifidi) Static Manual Release

Introduction

Research Corner4 Sub Sections

Videos4 Sub Sections

Bibliography

Related Courses:

Comments

Guest

Research Corner
4 Sub Sections

Videos
4 Sub Sections