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Functional anatomy of the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, and teres major. Joint actions, location, pictures, and exercises for the pecs, lats, and teres major.

Lesson 10: Pectoralis Major, Latissimus Dorsi, and Teres Major

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I have almost completed my CPT certification and am half-way through the Human Movement certification to inform my massage practice. The different modalities of reading, watching audiovisual materials, and attending live or recorded webinars have been important to my learning style and for review.

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I have my personal trainer certificate through here and am almost finished my human movement specialist certification. Overall, the education that Brookbush has packaged together for clinicians and trainers is invaluable. I am a physio assistant so coming from more of a rehab background I appreciate that this education has been beneficial both as a trainer and in a rehab setting. I love that I have been able to do all learning at my own pace and able to work around my schedule. Thank you for setting up this platform! Highly recommend :)

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I have taken both the Human Movement Specialist and Certified Personal Trainer certificate programs and have found the value in understanding the how and ways the body moves and functions and from evidence, non-biased, outcome, conceptual, theoretical, and practical approach to helping my clients/patients look better, feel better, and move better.

Over the last years I've returned time and again to Brookbush Institute for stellar coursework as I've worked toward a Human Movement Specialist certification. (I'm currently ACE CPT, and in training with Anatomy Trains for Structural Integration Manual Therapy.) Every Brookbush Institute module is fantastic and each one includes detailed informational videos, written descriptions of how to-do, and, more importantly, why to-do!

I am a 70 yr old chiropractor and no other healthcare provider was able to come up with an exercise protocol particular to my structural and balances and muscle deficits and keep me in the game. And as for continuing education on human skeletal movement, the website is phenomenal full of great exercises for particular mechanical dysfunction.

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Having courses count towards different certifications makes it so users can transition seamlessly from one certification to another. In my case, going from earning the BI CPT to earning the BI HMS was an easy decision and I am proud to have earned both certifications. I have also had the pleasure of going to a Live HMS workshop that was well taught by Instructor Boettcher and that was excellent to see how the methods and techniques are implemented.



I have been a member of BBI for years and every course I have taken has been incredibly informative. I learn more from these courses than I do at local CEU courses for my PTA license. I also earned my CPT and HMS certifications through the platform. It was so convenient and the content was top notch! Forever member.

We learn principles in academia, we learn cool new modalities via whatever specialty certification, but BBI really concentrates on the nuances of passive treatment and they do a fantastic job. The format in which BBI instructs soft tissue specialists (DPTs, Chiros, ATs) like myself feels like almost like an apprenticeship. You get a thoroughly detailed explanation of the “why’s”, and a visual comprehension of how to apply. Personally, I believe application is where the good and the great are distinguished.

Brookbush has been incredibly helpful since I was in massage school and now as I’m in my career! I run my own practice and it gives me the resources I need to not only improve what I already know, but also help me navigate better, more efficient ways of treatment.

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This course describes the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, and teres major, which contribute to motion of the humerus at the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint).

The latissimus dorsi muscle is the largest muscle of the upper body. The latissimus dorsi tendon inserts under the deltoid on the humerus (upper arm bone), although there may be a small additional insertion on the scapula (shoulder blade), and the muscle originates from the lumbar vertebra and pelvis. This muscle is the prime mover of shoulder extension and adduction, and it may contribute to shoulder internal rotation (medial rotation), as well as lumbar extension, lumbar rotation, and lumbar lateral flexion. Interesting facts, the latissimus dorsi is the largest skeletal muscle of the upper body, may be biased toward type II muscle fibers, and a flap of this muscle is often used in surgical procedures.

The teres major muscle is located inferior to the teres minor muscle (a rotator cuff muscle), has a tendon that inserts on the upper arm near the insertion of the latissimus dorsi and subscapularis, and the muscle originates on the inferior angle of the scapula (shoulder blade). This muscle will perform the same joint actions at the shoulder as the latissimus dorsi, including shoulder joint extension, adduction and internal rotation (medial rotation). Interesting facts, over-activity of this muscle may be addressed with physical therapy for the treatment of shoulder impingement syndrome, and a teres major steak from a cow may be used as “mock” beef tenderloin.

The pectoralis major muscle has a large muscle belly on the anterior surface of the chest wall, superficial to the pectoralis minor, and is comprised of a sternocostal head and a clavicular head. The tendon inserts under the deltoid on the upper arm, near the insertion of the latissimus dorsi and rotator cuff muscles. This muscle is the prime mover of shoulder horizontal adduction, and will contribute to adduction, flexion, and internal rotation. Interesting facts, pectoralis major injuries including a partially torn muscle or partial tendon tear, are rarely surgically repaired. Surgical repair is generally reserved for a complete rupture.

Sports medicine professionals (personal trainers, fitness instructors, physical therapists, massage therapists, chiropractors, occupational therapists, athletic trainers, etc.) must be aware of these major muscles of the shoulder for detailed analysis of human movement, and the development of sophisticated exercise programs and therapeutic (rehabilitation) interventions. Further, this course is essential knowledge for future courses discussing more detailed anatomy like neural innervations (e.g. the thoracodorsal nerve), synergistic function with other muscles of the shoulder and scapula (e.g. deltoids, serratus anterior, trapezius muscle, etc.), role in injury (e.g. shoulder pain, shoulder impingement syndrome, muscle flap procedures, hypertonic muscle fibers, muscle strain, pectoralis major tear), and sports performance (e.g. throwing, shooting, punching, lifting).

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Pre-approved for Continuing Education Credits for:

For more advanced anatomy check out our integrated functional anatomy courses:

The latissimus dorsi covering the majority of the thoracic and lumbar spine

Course Description: Pectoralis Major, Latissimus Dorsi, and Teres Major

Pectoralis Major, Latissimus Dorsi and Teres Major

Pectoralis Major, Latissimus Dorsi and Teres Major Study Guide

Course Study Guide: Pectoralis Major, Latissimus Dorsi and Teres Major

In this video, we describe the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, and teres major. We identify the relative location of these muscles, and the joint actions they perform at the shoulder, lumbar spine, and scapula. Further, this course explains the recruitment of these muscles during daily activities, exercises, sports motions, and movement analysis. This is foundational knowledge for all movement professionals, including personal trainers, physical therapists, athletic trainers, massage therapists, chiropractors, occupational therapists, etc.

Course Video Lesson: Pectoralis Major, Latissimus Dorsi, and Teres Major

Etymology: Pectoralis Major, Latissimus Dorsi, and Teres Major

Note the pectoralis major muscle location on the sternum and clavicle, inserting into the humerus

A posterior image of the latissimus dorsi and teres major, in addition the thoracolumbar fascia, gluteus maximus, and trapezius muslces

Pectoralis Major, Latissimus Dorsi, and Teres Major: Attachments

Introduction

Pectoralis Major: Attachments

Pectoralis Major Activity

Pectoralis Major Answer Key

An image of the chest fly exercise being performed on a bench

Exercise Graph (Chest Fly)

Chest Fly Answer Key

Pectoralis Major

A posterior view of the latissimus dorsi muscle on the back side of the body

Latissimus Dorsi: Attachments

Latissimus Dorsi Activity

Latissimus Dorsi Answer Key

Latissimus Dorsi

The location of the teres minor muscle running from the scapula to the humerus

Teres Major: Attachments

Teres Major Activity

Teres Major Answer Key

Teres Major

Internal and External Rotators of the Shoulder Activity

Internal and External Rotators of the Shoulder: Answer Key

Notice the congruency between the  pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, and teres major muscles

Pectoralis Major and Latissimus Dorsi: Activity

Pectoralis Major and Latissimus Dorsi: Answer Key

Pectoralis Major and Latissimus Dorsi Activity

Carolyn Richardson, Paul Hodges, Julie Hides. Therapeutic Exercise for Lumbo Pelvic Stabilization – A Motor Control Approach for the Treatment and Prevention of Low Back Pain: 2nd Edition (c) Elsevier Limited, 2004

John V. Basmajian, Carlo J. De Luca. Muscles Alive: Their Function Revealed by ElectroMyography. 1985

Bibliography 

Questions, comments, and criticisms are welcomed and encouraged

Lesson 10: Pectoralis Major, Latissimus Dorsi, and Teres Major

Related Courses:

Course Description: Pectoralis Major, Latissimus Dorsi, and Teres Major

Course Study Guide: Pectoralis Major, Latissimus Dorsi and Teres Major

Course Video Lesson: Pectoralis Major, Latissimus Dorsi, and Teres Major

Introduction
2 Sub Sections

Pectoralis Major
5 Sub Sections

Latissimus Dorsi
3 Sub Sections

Teres Major
3 Sub Sections

Internal and External Rotators of the Shoulder Activity
2 Sub Sections

Pectoralis Major and Latissimus Dorsi Activity
2 Sub Sections

Bibliography

Related Courses:

Comments

Guest

Lesson 10: Pectoralis Major, Latissimus Dorsi, and Teres Major

Related Courses:

Course Description: Pectoralis Major, Latissimus Dorsi, and Teres Major

Course Study Guide: Pectoralis Major, Latissimus Dorsi and Teres Major

Course Video Lesson: Pectoralis Major, Latissimus Dorsi, and Teres Major

Introduction2 Sub Sections

Pectoralis Major5 Sub Sections

Latissimus Dorsi3 Sub Sections

Teres Major3 Sub Sections

Internal and External Rotators of the Shoulder Activity2 Sub Sections

Pectoralis Major and Latissimus Dorsi Activity2 Sub Sections

Bibliography

Related Courses:

Comments

Guest

Introduction
2 Sub Sections

Pectoralis Major
5 Sub Sections

Latissimus Dorsi
3 Sub Sections

Teres Major
3 Sub Sections

Internal and External Rotators of the Shoulder Activity
2 Sub Sections

Pectoralis Major and Latissimus Dorsi Activity
2 Sub Sections