Lesson 15: Hamstrings and Adductors

This course describes the hamstring muscles (located on the posterior thigh) and the adductor muscles (located on the inner thigh). The hamstrings include the long head of the biceps femoris, the short head of the biceps femoris, the semitendinosus, and the semimembranosus. These muscles contribute to hip extension (e.g. squats), knee flexion (e.g. leg curls), tibial external rotation (e.g. feet turn out), and tibial internal rotation (e.g. toe-in gait). The adductors include the pectineus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, and gracilis. These muscles contribute to hip adduction (e.g. squeezing legs together), hip flexion (e.g. mountain climbers), and hip internal rotation (e.g. functional valgus a.k.a. knees bow in). Note, these muscles also play a role in maintaining optimal posture and optimal arthrokinematics of the hip and knee joint.

Sports medicine professionals (personal trainers, fitness instructors, physical therapists, massage therapists, chiropractors, occupational therapists, athletic trainers, etc.) must be aware of the hamstring and adductor muscles for analysis of human movement, and the development of sophisticated exercise programs and therapeutic (rehabilitation) interventions. Further, this course is essential knowledge for future courses discussing detailed anatomy like neural innervations (e.g. obturator nerve, sciatic nerve, etc.), the synergistic function of these muscles with other hip muscles (e.g. adductor muscles acting as a hip flexor along with the psoas, iliacus, etc.), injury (e.g. adductor muscle strain, hamstring muscle strain, hip impingement syndrome, etc.), and sports performance (e.g. muscle strength of the lower extremity/lower limb).

Pre-approved Credits for:

• Certified Personal Trainer (CPT) Certification

Pre-approved for Continuing Education Credits for:

• Athletic Trainers
• Chiropractors
• Group Exercise Instructors
• Massage Therapists
• Occupational Therapists - Introductory
• Personal Trainers
• Physical Therapists
• Physical Therapy Assistants
• Yoga Instructors

This Course Includes:

• AI Tutor
• Video Lecture
• Study Guide
• Text of Material
• Learning Activities
• Practice Exam
• Pre-approved Final Exam

Caption: The location of the semitendionsus and semimembranosus

Bibliography

1. Donald A. Neumann, “Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System: Foundations of Rehabilitation – 2nd Edition” © 2012 Mosby, Inc.
2. Tom Myers, Anatomy Trains: Second Edition. © Elsevier Limited 2009
3. David G. Simons, Janet Travell, Lois S. Simons, Travell & Simmons’ Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction, The Trigger Point Manual, Volume 1. Upper Half of Body: Second Edition,© 1999 Williams and Wilkens
4. Cynthia C. Norkin, D. Joyce White, Measurement of Joint Motion: A Guide to Goniometry – Third Edition. © 2003 by F.A. Davis Company
5. Cynthia C. Norkin, Pamela K. Levangie, Joint Structure and Function: A Comprehensive Analysis: Fifth Edition © 2011 F.A. Davis Company
6. Carolyn Richardson, Paul Hodges, Julie Hides. Therapeutic Exercise for Lumbo Pelvic Stabilization – A Motor Control Approach for the Treatment and Prevention of Low Back Pain: 2nd Edition (c) Elsevier Limited, 2004
7. Andrew Biel, Trail Guide to the Human Body: 4th Edition, © 2010
8. David B. Jenkins, Hollinshead’s Functional Anatomy of the Limbs and Back: Eighth Edition © 2002 Saunders
9. John V. Basmajian, Carlo J. De Luca. Muscles Alive: Their Function Revealed by ElectroMyography. 1985