Lesson 14: The Gluteus Maximus, Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Minimus, and Piriformis

There are 3 gluteal muscles:

• Gluteus maximus
• Gluteus medius
• Gluteus minimus

The gluteal muscles play a crucial role in hip joint movement, particularly in extension and abduction. Among these, the gluteus maximus is the largest muscle in the human body by mass, followed by the smaller gluteus medius and the smallest, the gluteus minimus. The gluteus maximus is the most superficial of the three muscles, but a portion of the gluteus medius is also visible near the lateral (side) aspect of the hip. In contrast, the gluteus minimus lies deeper, positioned beneath the gluteus medius and the iliotibial (IT) band, extending both laterally (to the side) and anteriorly (to the front) of the hip joint. It’s important to note that the gluteus minimus is not located at the bottom of the buttock—a misconception perpetuated by an inaccurate but widely circulated illustration.

This course also explores the piriformis muscle, a key contributor to femur movement at the hip joint. The piriformis crosses the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) and is one of the "deep rotators of the hip," located beneath the gluteus maximus. Its primary function is hip external rotation, but it may also assist in horizontal abduction of the hip.

Sports medicine professionals—including personal trainers, fitness instructors, physical therapists, massage therapists, chiropractors, occupational therapists, and athletic trainers—must have a thorough understanding of the gluteal muscles. This knowledge is essential for analyzing human movement, designing advanced exercise programs, and creating effective therapeutic or rehabilitation interventions. For instance, physical therapists often address gluteus medius weakness, gluteal muscle strains, or, in rare cases, gluteus minimus tears. Strength coaches typically prioritize gluteus maximus and gluteus medius training to enhance function and athletic performance. Future courses will provide detailed techniques for addressing piriformis and gluteus minimus trigger points as well as activating and strengthening the gluteus medius and gluteus maximus.

Pre-approved Credits for:

• Certified Personal Trainer (CPT) Certification

Pre-approved for Continuing Education Credits for:

• Athletic Trainers
• Chiropractors
• Group Exercise Instructors
• Occupational Therapists - Introductory
• Personal Trainers
• Physical Therapists
• Physical Therapy Assistants
• Yoga Instructors

This Course Includes:

• AI Tutor
• Video Lecture
• Study Guide
• Text of Material
• Learning Activities
• Practice Exam
• Pre-approved Final Exam

Caption: The glute max and glute med on the back side of the body