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A dumbbell chest press exercise

Chest Exercises and Pushing Progressions

Chest strength training exercises - best progressions for bench press, barbell press, dumbbell press, push-ups, bands, cables, and bodyweight. Chest movements for endurance, stability, hypertrophy, and strength, and a sample routine.

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Course Description: Chest Exercises and Pushing Progressions

This course discusses variations, progressions, and regressions of chest exercise selections (a.k.a. chest muscle exercise, push exercise, push workout, push day workout, etc.). This includes variations of common push day exercises such as a push-up, barbell bench press, and dumbbell press; as well as, advanced progressions of a cable press, push-pull exercise, asymmetrical push exercise, and other upper-body compound exercise selections (a.k.a. multi-joint push exercises). This course on push exercises also includes cues for a better starting position, the ideal position for scapula mechanics (shoulder blade), and cues for improving shoulder position during exercises like the barbell bench press.


Additionally, this course covers the functional anatomy of exercises for a push day workout, including the contribution of chest muscles (e.g. upper chest = clavicular head of the pectoralis major), shoulder muscles (e.g. deltoid and rotator cuff), scapula muscles (e.g. pectoralis minor), arm muscles (e.g. triceps brachii), and core muscles (e.g. transverse abdominis). More advanced anatomical considerations include the contribution of core subsystems (e.g. anterior oblique subsystem ) and the use of pushing during neuromuscular re-education (a.k.a. integration exercises - pushing with leg routines). Further, this course is built from a systematic research review, pre-approved for credits toward the Certified Personal Trainer (CPT) Certification, and pre-approved for continuing education credits for movement professionals (personal trainers, fitness instructors, physical therapists, athletic trainers, massage therapists, chiropractors, occupational therapists, etc.).


We hope this course inspires the inclusion and progression of pushing and "chest" exercises for all goals in fitness, performance, and physical rehabilitation; for example, increasing upper chest muscle mass, strength when pushing a defender out of position, and/or anterior oblique subsystem integration during corrective exercise programs. Of course, any weight training workout plan should also be balanced with a pull day, leg day, and other supplemental workout components specific to the desired goal. Recommendations for push day reps, sets, weight, and a sample program can be found below.

Pre-approved Credits for:

Pre-approved for Continuing Education Credits for:

This course includes:

  • AI Tutor
  • Study Guide
  • Text and Illustrations
  • Audio Voice-over
  • Research Review
  • Technique Videos
  • Sample Routine
  • Practice Exam
  • Pre-approved 1 Credit Final Exam

Additional Progression Courses:

Strength Progressions

Core Progressions

Power Progressions

Sample Progression: Bench Press and Dumbbell Press

All variations:

  • Most variations can be done in the sagittal plane for those exhibiting signs of Upper Body Dysfunction (UBD) , and progress to the horizontal plane and incline variations.
  1. Bench Press
  2. Bench Press with Unstable Load
  3. Dumbbell Press
  4. Alternating Dumbbell Press
  5. Unilateral Dumbbell Press
  6. Multi-planer Dumbbell Press
  7. Asymmetrical Dumbbell Press
  8. Dumbbell Press on Ball
  9. Alternating Dumbbell Press on Ball
  10. Unilateral Dumbbell Press on Ball
  11. Multi-planer Dumbbell Press on Ball
  12. Asymmetrical Dumbbell Press on Ball

Sample Program

Routine 1 (Month 1)

Goal: Upper Body Hypertrophy (Strength/Stability Supersets)

Acute Variables:

  • Load/Weight: Moderate (75-90% 1-RM)/Light (60-75% 1-RM)
  • Reps/set: 6-12/6-12
  • Sets/exercise (or circuits): 1-5 circuits
  • Rest between exercises: 30 seconds
  • Rest between sets: 3 minutes (alternatively, can be performed in a circuit)
  • Training time: 20 – 60 minutes (excluding warm-up).

Strength/Stability Super-sets Routine:

Routine 2 (Month 2)

Acute Variables:

  • Goal: Upper Body Max Strength
  • Load/Weight: Heavy (> 85% of 1-RM)
  • Reps/set: 1-5 reps
  • Sets/exercise (circuits): 3-6 circuits
  • Rest between exercises: 60 seconds (note, exercise performed in circuit)
  • Training Time: 20 – 45 minutes (excluding warm-up).

Max Strength Circuit Routine:

An asymmetrical chest press
Caption: An asymmetrical chest press

Course Study Guide: Chest Press Progressions

Introduction
2 Sub Sections

Research Corner
3 Sub Sections

Stability Progressions

Videos, Form and Progressions
7 Sub Sections

Chest Press Progression and Videos
8 Sub Sections

Sample Routine: Intermediate Hypertrophy Training (Upper/Lower)

Bibliography

  1. de Araujo, R. C., Piraua, A. L. T., Beltrao, N. B. and Pitangui, A. C. R. (2018) Activity of periscapular muscles and its correlation with external oblique during push-up: does scapular dyskinesis change the electromyographic response? Journal of Sports Sciences, 36 (5) , 571-577
  2. Park, S. Y. and Yoo, W. G. (2011) Differential activation of parts of the serratus anterior muscle during push-up variations on stable and unstable bases of support. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 21, 861-867
  3. Gioftsos, G., Arvanitidis, M., Tsimouris, D., Kanellopoulos, A., Paras, G., Trigkas, P. and Sakellari, V. (2016) EMG activity of the serratus anterior and trapezius muscles during different phases of the push-up plus exercise on different support surfaces and different hand positions. The Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 28, 2114-2118
  4. McGill, S. M., Cannon, J. and Andersen, J. T. (2014) Analysis of pushing exercises: muscle activity and spine load while contrasting techniques on stable surfaces with a labile suspension strap training system. Journal of Strength and Conditioning, 28 (1) , 105-116
  5. Harris, S., Ruffin, E., Brewer, W. and Ortiz, A. (2017) Muscle activation patterns during suspension training exercises. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 12(1), 42-52.
  6. Snarr, R. and Esco, M. R. (2013) Electromyographic comparison of traditional and suspension push-ups. Journal of Human Kinetics, 39, 75-83
  7. Borreani, S., Calatayud, J., Colado, J. C., Moya-Najera, D., Triplett, N. T. and Martin, F. (2015) Muscle activation during push-ups performed under stable and unstable conditions. Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness, 13 (2) , 94-98
  8. Calatayud, J., Borreani, S., Colado, J. C., Martin, F. and Rogers, M. E. (2014) Muscle activity levels in upper-body push exercises with different loads and stability conditions. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 42 (4) , 106-119
  9. Torres, R. J. B., Piraua, A. L. T., Nacimento, V. Y. S., dos Santos, P. S., Beltrao, N. B., de Oliveira, V. M. A., Pitangui, A. C. R. and de Araujo, R. C. (2016) Shoulder muscle activation levels during the push-up plus exercise on stable and unstable surfaces. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, doi: 10.1123/jsr.2016-0050
  10. de Araujo, R. C., Nascimento, V. Y. S., Torres, R. J. B., Behm, D. and Ptinagui, C. R. (2019) Can the use of unstable surfaces and instruction for conscious abdominal contraction increase the EMG activity of the periscapular muscles during the dynamic push-up? Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, doi: 10.1123/jsr.2018-0165
  11. Seo, S. H., Jeon, I. H., Cho, Y. H., Lee, H. G., Hwang, Y. T. and Jang, J. H. (2013) Surface EMG during the push-up plus exercise on a stable support or swiss ball: scapular stabilizer muscle exercise. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 25(7), 833-837
  12. Lehman, G. J., MacMillan, B., MacIntyre, I., Chivers, M., & Fluter, M. (2006). Shoulder muscle EMG activity during push up variations on and off a Swiss ball. Dynamic Medicine, 5(1), 7.
  13. Lehman, G. J., Gilas, D., & Patel, U. (2008). An unstable support surface does not increase scapulothoracic stabilizing muscle activity during push up and push up plus exercises. Manual therapy , 13 (6), 500-506.
  14. Beach, T. A. C., Howarth, S. J. and Callaghan, J. P. (2008) Muscular contribution to low-back loading and stiffness during standard and suspended push-ups. Human Movement Science, 27, 457-472
  15. Maeo, S., Chou, T., Yamamoto, M. and Kanehisa, H. (2014) Muscular activities during sling- and ground-based push-up exercise. BMC Research Notes, 7, 192-198
    • The Chest Press Exercise on Stable and Unstable Surfaces
  16. Campbell, B. M., Kutz, M. R., Morgan, A. L., Fullenkamp, A. M. and Ballenger, R. (2014) An evaluation of upper-body muscle activation during coupled and uncoupled instability resistance training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28 (7) , 1833-1838
  17. Saeterbakken, A. H. and Fimland, M. S. (2013) Electromyographic activity and 6RM strength in bench press on stable and unstable surfaces. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27 (4) , 1101-1107
  18. Goodman, C. A., Pearce, A. J., Nicholes, C. J., Gatt, B. M. and Fairweather, I. H. (2008) No difference in 1RM strength and muscle activation during the barbell chest press on a stable and unstable surface. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 88-94
  19. Norwood, J., Anderson, G. S., Gaetz, M. and Twist, P. (2007) Electromyographic activity of the trunk stabilizers during stable and unstable bench press. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21 (2) , 497-502
  20. Uribe, B. P., Coburn, J. W., Brown, L. E., Judelson, D. A., Khamoui, A. V. and Nguyen, D. (2010) Muscle activation when performing the chest press and shoulder press on a stable bench vs. a Swiss ball. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24 (4) , 1028-1033
  21. Lehman, G. J., Gordon, T., Langley, J., Pemrose, P. and Tregaskis, S. (2005) Replacing a Swiss ball for an exercise bench causes variable changes in trunk muscle activity during limb strength exercises. Dynamic Medicine, 4 (6) , doi: 10.1186/1476-5918-4-6
  22. Marshall, P. W. M. and Murphy, B. A. (2006) Increased deltoid and abdominal muscle activity during Swiss ball bench press. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20 (4) , 745-750
  23. Dunnick, D. D., Brown, L. E., Coburn, J. W., Lynn, S. K. and Barillas, S. R. (2015) Bench press upper-body muscle activation between stable and unstable loads. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29 (12) , 3279-3283
  24. Lawrence, M. A., Ostrowski, S. J., Leib, D. J. and Carlson, L. A. (2018) Effect of unstable loads on stabilizing muscles and bar motion during the bench press. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research,
  25. Ostrowski, S. J., Carlson, L. A. and Lawrence, M. A. (2017) Effect of an unstable load on primary and stabilizing muscles during the bench press. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31 (2) , 430-434
  26. Lawrence, M. A., Leib, D. J., Ostrowski, S. J. and Carlson, L. A. (2017) Nonlinear analysis of an unstable bench press bar path and muscle activation. Journal of Strength and Conditioning, 31 (5) , 1206-1211
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