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A dumbbell chest press exercise
A dumbbell chest press exercise

Chest Exercises and Pushing Progressions

Chest strength training exercises - best progressions for bench press, barbell press, dumbbell press, push-ups, bands, cables, and bodyweight. Chest movements for endurance, stability, hypertrophy, and strength, and a sample routine.

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Course Description: Chest Exercises and Pushing Progressions

Evidence-based Chest Exercise Recommendations:

This course explores variations, progressions, and regressions of chest exercises (also known as chest muscle exercises, push exercises, or push day workouts). Develop strength, power, hypertrophy, and improve movement quality and function with this comprehensive course on push exercise programming. From foundational movements like the push-up and bench press to advanced variations such as suspension push-ups and asymmetrical dumbbell press, this course offers a systematic approach to progressing chest exercises. This course also explores the kinesiology of pressing movement patterns, functional anatomy, form, and progressions for fitness, sports performance, and rehabilitation professionals. Built from a comprehensive systematic research review and pre-approved for continuing education credits, this course provides the accuracy and course approvals needed for the best professionals in the industry.

  • Progressive Push Day Programming: Explore a comprehensive list of progressions and regressions of pushing exercises (with videos of each variation); from regressions with stable surfaces and loads (e.g., kneeling push-ups and bench press) to advanced variations like stability ball dumbbell press, chaos push-ups, and more.
  • Kinesiology and Functional Anatomy: Gain a detailed understanding of the anatomy of pushing exercises, including the contribution of chest muscles (e.g., upper chest = clavicular head of the pectoralis major), shoulder muscles (e.g., deltoid and rotator cuff), scapula muscles (e.g., pectoralis minor), arm muscles (e.g., triceps brachii), and core muscles (e.g,. transverse abdominis). More advanced anatomical considerations include the contribution of core subsystems (e.g., anterior oblique subsystem ) and the use of pushing during neuromuscular re-education (a.k.a. integration exercises - pushing with leg routines).
  • Form and Technique Optimization: This course includes a list of common form issues and recommendations for improving alignment. Further, all videos include detailed descriptions of form, technique, and tips for performing each variation.
  • Evidence-Based Programming Recommendations: This course includes exercise recommendations, including reps, sets, weight selection, and a sample routine, all refined with comprehensive systematic research reviews.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs):

What are the 5 best exercises for the chest (pectoralis major)?

  • The best exercise is the most difficult exercise you can perform without reducing force (load x velocity). This will vary based on strength and ability.

When should I progress my chest exercises?

  • You should progress the exercise when you can perform the desired number of reps with good form.

When should I lift more weight?

  • If your goal is hypertrophy or strength, increase the weight when you can perform more than 8-12 reps of your current weight with good form.

How many chest exercises should I include in a single workout?

  • For optimal chest development, it's recommended to perform 1 to 2 chest exercises per session, with a total of 1 to 4 sets. More than 4 sets per muscle group is unlikely to result in additional benefits.

How can I tell if my chest workout is effective?

  • Performance Improvements: Increases in load, reps, or total work (load x work x sets) are good indicators of improvement, and gradual improvements in performance over time are strong indicators of an effective training regimen.
  • Muscle Soreness: Feeling delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) for 24-48 hours following increases in exercise intensity is a good sign that the increase in intensity was sufficient and effective.
  • Visible Muscle Development: Although observing increased muscle definition and size in the chest area may not be a scientifically reliable method, it is a personally gratifying way to monitor progress.

Pre-approved Credits for:

Pre-approved for Continuing Education Credits for:

This course includes:

  • AI Tutor
  • Study Guide
  • Text and Illustrations
  • Audio Voice-over
  • Research Review
  • Technique Videos
  • Sample Routine
  • Practice Exam
  • Pre-approved 1 Credit Final Exam

Additional Progression Courses:

Strength Progressions

Core Progressions

Power Progressions

An asymmetrical chest press
Caption: An asymmetrical chest press

Course Study Guide: Chest Press Progressions

Introduction: Relative Flexibility Progressions, Subsystems Recruited, and Kinesiology

Research Corner
3 Sub Sections

General Stability Progressions

Push-ups: Progressions, Form, and Videos
7 Sub Sections

Chest Press: Form, Progressions, and Videos
8 Sub Sections

Sample Routine: Intermediate Hypertrophy Training (Upper/Lower Split Routine)

Bibliography

  1. Trebs, A. A., Brandenburg, J. P., & Pitney, W. A. (2010). An electromyography analysis of 3 muscles surrounding the shoulder joint during the performance of a chest press exercise at several angles. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(7), 1925-1930.
  2. Christian, J. R., Gothart, S. E., Graham, H. K., Barganier, K. D., & Whitehead, P. N. (2023). Analysis of the Activation of Upper-Extremity Muscles During Various Chest Press Modalities. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 37(2), 265-269.
  3. Ferreira, D. V., Ferreira-Júnior, J. B., Soares, S. R., Cadore, E. L., Izquierdo, M., Brown, L. E., & Bottaro, M. (2017). Chest press exercises with different stability requirements result in similar muscle damage recovery in resistance-trained men. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(1), 71-79.
  4. Izquierdo, Lee E., and Martim Bottaro. "CHEST PRESS EXERCISES WITH DIFFERENT STABILITY REQUIREMENTS RESULT IN SIMILAR MUSCLE DAMAGE RECOVERY IN RESISTANCE TRAINED MEN." (2016).
  5. Cacchio, A., Don, R., Ranavolo, A., Guerra, E., McCaw, S. T., Procaccianti, R., ... & Santilli, V. (2008). Effects of 8-week strength training with two models of chest press machines on muscular activity pattern and strength. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 18(4), 618-627.
  6. Uribe, B. P., Coburn, J. W., Brown, L. E., Judelson, D. A., Khamoui, A. V., & Nguyen, D. (2010). Muscle activation when performing the chest press and shoulder press on a stable bench vs. a Swiss ball. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(4), 1028-1033.
  7. Goodman, C. A., Pearce, A. J., Nicholes, C. J., Gatt, B. M., & Fairweather, I. H. (2008). No difference in 1 RM load strength and muscle activation during the barbell chest press on a stable and unstable surface. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(1), 88-94.
  8. Marshall, P. W., & Murphy, B. A. (2006). Increased deltoid and abdominal muscle activity during stability ball bench press. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 20(4), 745-750.
  9. Lehman, G. J., Gordon, T., Langley, J., Pemrose, P., & Tregaskis, S. (2005). Replacing a stability ball for an exercise bench causes variable changes in trunk muscle activity during upper limb strength exercises. Dynamic Medicine, 4, 1-7.
  10. Norwood, J. T., Anderson, G. S., Gaetz, M. B., & Twist, P. W. (2007). Electromyographic activity of the trunk stabilizers during stable and unstable bench press. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 21(2), 343-347.
  11. Saeterbakken, A. H., & Fimland, M. S. (2013). Electromyographic activity and 6RM strength in bench press on stable and unstable surfaces. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(4), 1101-1107
  12. Saeterbakken, A. H., Andersen, V., van den Tillaar, R., Joly, F., Stien, N., Pedersen, H., ... & Solstad, T. E. J. (2020). The effects of ten weeks resistance training on sticking region in chest-press exercises. PLoS One, 15(7), e0235555.
  13. Campbell, B. M., Kutz, M. R., Morgan, A. L., Fullenkamp, A. M., & Ballenger, R. (2014). An evaluation of upper-body muscle activation during coupled and uncoupled instability resistance training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(7), 1833-1838.
  14. Dunnick, D. D., Brown, L. E., Coburn, J. W., Lynn, S. K., & Barillas, S. R. (2015). Bench press upper-body muscle activation between stable and unstable loads. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(12), 3279-3283.
  15. Lawrence, M. A., Leib, D. J., Ostrowski, S. J., & Carlson, L. A. (2017). Nonlinear analysis of an unstable bench press bar path and muscle activation. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(5), 1206-1211.
  16. Ostrowski, S. J., Carlson, L. A., & Lawrence, M. A. (2017). Effect of an unstable load on primary and stabilizing muscles during the bench press. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(2), 430-434.
  17. Lawrence, M. A., Ostrowski, S. J., Leib, D. J., & Carlson, L. A. (2021). Effect of unstable loads on stabilizing muscles and bar motion during the bench press. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 35, S120-S126.
  18. Harris, S., Ruffin, E., Brewer, W., & Ortiz, A. (2017). Muscle activation patterns during suspension training exercises. International journal of sports physical therapy, 12(1), 42.
  19. Beach, T. A., Howarth, S. J., & Callaghan, J. P. (2008). Muscular contribution to low-back loading and stiffness during standard and suspended push-ups. Human Movement Science, 27(3), 457-472.
  20. Maeo, S., Chou, T., Yamamoto, M., & Kanehisa, H. (2014). Muscular activities during sling-and ground-based push-up exercise. BMC research notes, 7, 1-7.
  21. Borreani, S., Calatayud, J., Colado, J. C., Moya-Nájera, D., Triplett, N. T., & Martin, F. (2015). Muscle activation during push-ups performed under stable and unstable conditions. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 13(2), 94-98.
  22. McGill, S. M., Cannon, J., & Andersen, J. T. (2014). Analysis of pushing exercises: Muscle activity and spine load while contrasting techniques on stable surfaces with a labile suspension strap training system. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(1), 105-116.
  23. Gioftsos, G., Arvanitidis, M., Tsimouris, D., Kanellopoulos, A., Paras, G., Trigkas, P., & Sakellari, V. (2016). EMG activity of the serratus anterior and trapezius muscles during the different phases of the push-up plus exercise on different support surfaces and different hand positions. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 28(7), 2114-2118.
  24. Seo, S. H., Jeon, I. H., Cho, Y. H., Lee, H. G., Hwang, Y. T., & Jang, J. H. (2013). Surface EMG during the push-up plus exercise on a stable support or Swiss ball: scapular stabilizer muscle exercise. Journal of physical therapy science, 25(7), 833-837.
  25. Lehman, G. J., MacMillan, B., MacIntyre, I., Chivers, M., & Fluter, M. (2006). Shoulder muscle EMG activity during push up variations on and off a Swiss ball. Dynamic Medicine, 5, 1-7.
  26. Lehman, G. J., Gilas, D., & Patel, U. (2008). An unstable support surface does not increase scapulothoracic stabilizing muscle activity during push up and push up plus exercises. Manual therapy, 13(6), 500-506.
  27. Park, S. Y., & Yoo, W. G. (2011). Differential activation of parts of the serratus anterior muscle during push-up variations on stable and unstable bases of support. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 21(5), 861-867.

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