Acute Variables: Circuit Training

Circuit Training (a.k.a. Vertical Loading)

• Definition: When the first set of each exercise is performed sequentially (commonly, with little rest between exercises), and then the next set of each exercise is performed. This type of programming is an alternative to conventional "horizontal loading " programs.
• Example Program: Dumbbell press , rope row , lateral lunge with front rack resistance , plank with elbows on ball, rest, Dumbbell press , rope row , lateral lunge with front rack resistance , plank with elbows on ball rest, repeat, etc.

Brookbush Institute Position Statement: Circuit Training

• The Brookbush Institute recommends implementing circuit training for nearly all resistance training goals. When compared to conventional resistance training, circuit training results in similar intensity and volume of exercise during a session (similar number of reps/set, loads lifted, and peak and average power/rep), and similar outcomes following several weeks of training (improvements in body composition, hypertrophy, endurance, maximum strength, power, agility, balance, and functional outcomes). The advantage of circuit training protocols is a reduction in session time by 35 - 60 percent. This is especially true when attempting to allow for an ideal amount of rest between sets for similar muscle groups (2-3 minutes); even when allowing for an ideal amount of rest between exercises during circuit training (30 - 60 seconds).

Evidence-based Circuit Training Recommendations

• Each exercise is performed sequentially, and then the next set of each exercise is completed and repeated.
• Circuits should be comprised of 3 or more exercises (2 exercises will not allow enough rest between sets of the same exercise).
• 30 – 60 seconds of rest between exercises may aid in optimizing set quality when reps are performed until failure (reps/set and repetition tempo). More extended rest may be taken between circuits, as needed.
• Exercise selection, load, reps/set, sets/exercise, and repetition tempo should match your training goals. It is not necessary to alter these acute variables to adopt a circuit training routine).

Course Summary

This course and systematic research review discuss circuit training, also known as circuits, vertical loading, giant sets, exercise in-circuit, or exercise in sequence. Evidence-based recommendations for optimizing circuit training workouts are included, especially as an alternative to the long rest between sets for the same muscle group required to optimize workout performance. Research and sample routines are discussed for all training goals, including muscle endurance, muscle strength, increased muscle mass (hypertrophy), power and speed, functional outcomes, and corrective exercise. Additionally, research is discussed regarding the benefits of circuit training for body composition, mental health benefits, comparing circuit training to aerobic exercise (including cardio, heart rate, VO2 max, respiration, etc.), and comparing circuit training to conventional strength training routines.

Movement professionals (personal trainers, fitness instructors, physical therapists, athletic trainers, massage therapists, chiropractors, occupational therapists, etc.) should consider acute variables essential knowledge for optimal exercise programming, and circuit training is one of those acute variables. This course is part of our continued effort to optimize “acute variable” recommendations.

Pre-approved Credits for:

• Certified Personal Trainer (CPT) Certification

Pre-approved for Continuing Education Credits for:

• Athletic Trainers
• Chiropractors
• Group Exercise Instructors
• Massage Therapists
• Occupational Therapists - Intermediate
• Personal Trainers
• Physical Therapists
• Physical Therapy Assistants
• Physiotherapists

This course includes:

• AI Tutor
• Course Summary Webinar
• Study Guide
• Text and Illustrations
• Audio Voice-over
• Research Review
• Technique Videos
• Case Study and Sample Routine
• Practice Exam
• Pre-approved 3 Credit Final Exam

Additional Acute Variables Courses:

• Acute Variables: Repetition Tempo
• Acute Variables: Repetition Range
• Acute Variables: Rest Between Sets
• Acute Variables: Set Strategies (Supersets, Pyramid Sets, and Drop Sets)
• Acute Variables: Sets per Muscle Group
• Acute Variables: Training Frequency and Recovery Between Sessions
• Acute Variables: Training Load (Weight and Resistance)

Caption: Circuit training is likely ideal for most goals due to the significant increase in rest before performing similar exercises and increase in workout efficiency.

Bibliography

Circuit Training Alone Improves Cardiovascular Activity

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   • Comparing Circuit Training to Aerobic Exercise
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22. Chtara, M., Chamari, K., Chaouachi, M., Chaouachi, A., Koubaa, D., Feki, Y., ... & Amri, M. (2005). Effects of intra-session concurrent endurance and strength training sequence on aerobic performance and capacity. British journal of sports medicine, 39(8), 555-560.
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    • Physiology (and 4, 13, 18)
26. Beqa Ahmeti, G., Idrizovic, K., Elezi, A., Zenic, N., & Ostojic, L. (2020). Endurance Training vs. Circuit Resistance Training: Effects on Lipid Profile and Anthropometric/Body Composition Status in Healthy Young Adult Women. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4), 1222.
27. Rioux, B. V., Brunt, K. R., Eadie, A. L., Bouchard, D. R., Fox, J., & Sénéchal, M. (2021). Impact of acute circuit training on irisin in younger and older overweight adults. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 46(10), 1248-1256.
28. Kolahdouzi, S., Baghadam, M., Kani-Golzar, F. A., Saeidi, A., Jabbour, G., Ayadi, A., ... & Zouhal, H. (2019). Progressive circuit resistance training improves inflammatory biomarkers and insulin resistance in obese men. Physiology & behavior, 205, 15-21.
29. Hedayati, M., Saghebjoo, M., & Ghanbari-Niaki, A. (2012). Effects of circuit resistance training intensity on the plasma ghrelin to obestatin ratios in healthy young women. International journal of endocrinology and metabolism, 10(2), 475.
30. Ibrahim, N. S., Ooi, F. K., Chen, C. K., & Muhamad, A. S. (2017). Effects of probiotics supplementation and circuit training on immune responses among sedentary young males. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 58(7-8), 1102-1109.
31. Ibrahim, N. S., Muhamad, A. S., Ooi, F. K., Meor-Osman, J., & Chen, C. K. (2018). The effects of combined probiotic ingestion and circuit training on muscular strength and power and cytokine responses in young males. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 43(2), 180-186.
32. Moghadasi, M., & Siavashpour, S. (2013). The effect of 12 weeks of resistance training on hormones of bone formation in young sedentary women. European journal of applied physiology, 113(1), 25-32.
33. Valipour Dehnou, V., & Motamedi, R. (2019). The Effect of One Circuit Training Session on the Serum Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 in the Elderly. Iranian Journal of Ageing, 13(4), 428-439.
34. Harber, M. P., Fry, A. C., Rubin, M. R., Smith, J. C., & Weiss, L. W. (2004). Skeletal muscle and hormonal adaptations to circuit weight training in untrained men. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 14(3), 176-185
    • Caloric Expenditure (and 8, 16, 17)
35. Wilmore, JH, Parr, RB, Ward, P, Vodak, PA, Barstow, TJ, Pipes, TV, Grimditch, G, and Leslie, P. Energy cost of circuit weight training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 10: 75–78, 1978.
36. (8) Beckham, S. G., & Earnest, C. P. (2000). Metabolic cost of free weight circuit weight training. Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 40(2), 118.
37. (16) Brewer, C. B., Booher, B. M., & Lawton, N. (2021). Comparison of Acute Energy Expenditure and Rating of Perceived Exertion in Equivalent Bouts of Circuit Training and Treadmill Running. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 35(3), 680-687.
38. Vasconcelos, B. B., & Del Vecchio, F. B. (2021). Programming may matter the most. Response to “Metabolic effects of two high-intensity circuit training protocols: Does sequence matter?” by Nuñez et al.(2020). Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness, 19(1), 47.
39. Elliot, DL, Goldberg, L, and Kuel, KS. Effect of resistance training on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption. J Appl Sport Sci Res 6: 77–81, 1992.
40. Haltom, RW, Kraemer, RR, Sloan, RA, Hebert, EP, Frank, K, and Tryniecki, JL. Circuit weight training and its effects on excess postexercise oxygen consumption. Med Sci Sports Exerc 31: 1613–1618, 1999.
41. Murphy, E and Schwarzkopf, R. Effects of standard set and circuit weight training on excess post-exercise oxygen consumption. J Appl Sport Sci Res 6: 88–91, 1992.
    • Body Image Studies
42. Plevkova, L., Peráčková, J., Pačesová, P., Kukurová, K., & Mókušová, O. (2018). The effects of a 6-week strength and endurance circuit training intervention on body image in Slovak primary school girls. Journal of Physical education and Sport, 18, 459-464.
43. Plevková, L., & Peráčková, J. (2019). The Effects of a 6-Week Strength and Endurance Circuit Training on Body Image of High School Girls. Acta Facultatis Educationis Physicae Universitatis Comenianae, 59(2).
44. Williams, P. A., & Cash, T. F. (2001). Effects of a circuit weight training program on the body images of college students. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 30(1), 75-82.
45. Rahmani-Nia, F., Arazi, H., Rahimi, R., Piri-Kurd, K., & Hossaini, K. (2011). Effects of an eight-week circuit strength training program on the body images and anxiety in untrained college students. Medicina Dello Sport, 64(3), 297-308.
46. Norvell, N., & Belles, D. (1993). Psychological and physical benefits of circuit weight training in law enforcement personnel. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 61(3), 520.
    • Body Composition (and 7, 11, 13, 19, 24-25, 34, 45)
47. Lehnert, M., Stastny, P., Sigmund, M., Xaverova, Z., Hubnerova, B., & Kostrzewa, M. (2015). The effect of combined machine and body weight circuit training for women on muscle strength and body composition. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 15(3), 561.
48. Hortobagyi, T., Katch, F. I., & Lachance, P. F. (1991). Effects of simultaneous training for strength and endurance on upper and lower body strength and running performance. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 31(1), 20-30.
49. Batrakoulis, A., Jamurtas, A. Z., Georgakouli, K., Draganidis, D., Deli, C. K., Papanikolaou, K., ... & Fatouros, I. G. (2018). High intensity, circuit-type integrated neuromuscular training alters energy balance and reduces body mass and fat in obese women: A 10-month training-detraining randomized controlled trial. PLoS One, 13(8), e0202390.
50. Hermassi, S., Wollny, R., Schwesig, R., Shephard, R. J., & Chelly, M. S. (2019). Effects of in-season circuit training on physical abilities in male handball players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 33(4), 944-957.
51. Sperlich, B., Wallmann-Sperlich, B., Zinner, C., Von Stauffenberg, V., Losert, H., & Holmberg, H. C. (2017). Functional high-intensity circuit training improves body composition, peak oxygen uptake, strength, and alters certain dimensions of quality of life in overweight women. Frontiers in physiology, 8, 172.
52. Balachandran, A., Krawczyk, S. N., Potiaumpai, M., & Signorile, J. F. (2014). High-speed circuit training vs hypertrophy training to improve physical function in sarcopenic obese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Experimental gerontology, 60, 64-71.
53. Paoli, A., Pacelli, F., Bargossi, A. M., Marcolin, G., Guzzinati, S., Neri, M., ... & Palma, A. (2010). Effects of three distinct protocols of fitness training on body composition, strength and blood lactate. J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 50(1), 43-51.
54. Marx JO, Ratamess NA, Nindl BC, Gotshalk LA, Volek JS, Dohi K, Bush JA, Gomez AL, Mazzetti SA, Fleck SJ, Hakkinen K, Newton RU, Kraemer WJ. Low-volume circuit versus high-volume periodized resistance training in women. Med Sci Sports Exerc 33: 635–643, 2001.
55. Romero-Arenas, S., Blazevich, A. J., Martínez-Pascual, M., Pérez-Gómez, J., Luque, A. J., López-Román, F. J., & Alcaraz, P. E. (2013). Effects of high-resistance circuit training in an elderly population. Experimental gerontology, 48(3), 334-340.
56. Paoli, A., Casolo, A., Saoncella, M., Bertaggia, C., Fantin, M., Bianco, A., ... & Moro, T. (2021). Effect of an Endurance and Strength Mixed Circuit Training on Regional Fat Thickness: The Quest for the “Spot Reduction”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 38457.
    • Addition of Circuit Training to Sport and Occupation
57. Saini, H. K. (2019). Relationship of plyometric and circuit training with explosive strength and agility of Punjab state basketball players. International Journal of Physiology, Nutrition and Physical Education, 4(1), 36-38.
58. Bhardwaj, V., & Saini, H. K. (2018). Trend of plyometric and circuit training on agility of Punjab state basketball players.
59. Shekhawat, B. P. S., & Chauhan, G. S. (2020). Effect of circuit training on selected strength variables of adolescent male basketball players. International Journal of Physiology, Nutrition and Physical Education, 5(02), 290-293.
60. Shekhawat, B. P., & Chauhan, G. S. (2021). Effect of circuit training on speed and agility of adolescent male basketball players. Int. J. Physiol. Nutr. Phys. Educ, 6, 1-5.
61. Strelnikowa, I. V., & Polevoy, G. G. (2019). The influence of circuit training on the development of strength and speed-power abilities in basketball players of 18-19 years old. Physical education of students, 23(2), 89-92.
62. Freitas, T. T., Calleja-González, J., Alarcón, F., & Alcaraz, P. E. (2016). Acute effects of two different resistance circuit training protocols on performance and perceived exertion in semiprofessional basketball players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30(2), 407-414.
63. Kumar, P. (2021). Impact of circuit training on selected physical fitness among college level football players. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health, 8(1), 35-38.
64. Kundu, S. Effects of Circuit Training and Plyometric Training on Leg Strength among Football Players. Int. J. Phy. Edu. Spo, 2(12), 77-80.
65. Selvam, D. (2018). Assessment of circuit training impact on back strength and strength endurance among handball players.
66. Hermassi, S., Laudner, K., & Schwesig, R. (2020). The effects of circuit strength training on the development of physical fitness and performance-related variables in handball players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 71(1), 191-203
67. Hartati, H., Bayu, W. I., & Aryanti, S. (2020, February). Effect of 8-Week Circuit Weight Training on Strength. In 4th International Conference on Sport Science, Health, and Physical Education (ICSSHPE 2019) (pp. 27-29). Atlantis Press.
68. MOHANTA, N., KALRA, S., & PAWARIA, S. (2019). A Comparative Study of Circuit Training and Plyometric Training on Strength, Speed and Agility in State Level Lawn Tennis Players. Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research, 13(12).
69. Rawat, T., Peter, V. F., & Abraham, G. INFLUENCE OF CIRCUIT TRAINING AND EXPLOSIVE STRENGTH TRAINING ON SPEED AMONG ATHLETES.
70. Taskin, H. (2009). Effect of circuit training on the sprint-agility and anaerobic endurance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(6), 1803-1810.
71. Hofstetter, M. C., Mäder, U., & Wyss, T. (2012). Effects of a 7-week outdoor circuit training program on Swiss Army recruits. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 26(12), 3418-3425.
72. Getty, A. K., Wisdo, T. R., Chavis, L. N., Derella, C. C., McLaughlin, K. C., Perez, A. N., ... & Feairheller, D. L. (2018). Effects of circuit exercise training on vascular health and blood pressure. Preventive medicine reports, 10, 106-112.
    • Circuit Training and Young Children (9-13 years old)
73. Maniazhagu, D., Malar, S., & Manogari, M. (2019). Effects of Circuit Training and Battle Rope Training on Speed of School Girls. Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology.
74. Hendrawan, S., Setijino, H., & Mintarto, E. (2017). Model comparison exercise circuit training game and circuit ladder drills to improve agility and speed. Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport, 4(2), 78-83
75. Boraczyński, M., Boraczyński, T., Gajewski, J., Kamelska-Sadowska, A. M., Gronek, P., & Laskin, J. (2021). Effects of Intensity Modulated Total-Body Circuit Training Combined with Soccer Training on Physical Fitness in Prepubertal Boys After a 6-Month Intervention. Journal of Human Kinetics, 80(1), 207-222.
76. Faigenbaum, A. D., Bush, J. A., McLoone, R. P., Kreckel, M. C., Farrell, A., Ratamess, N. A., & Kang, J. (2015). Benefits of strength and skill-based training during primary school physical education. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(5), 1255-1262.
77. Mayorga-Vega, D., Viciana, J., & Cocca, A. (2013). Effects of a circuit training program on muscular and cardiovascular endurance and their maintenance in schoolchildren. Journal of Human Kinetics, 37, 153.
78. Viciana, J., Mayorga-Vega, D., & Cocca, A. (2013). EFFECTS OF A MAINTENANCE RESISTANCE TRAINING PROGRAM ON MUSCULAR STRENGTH IN SCHOOLCHILDREN. Kinesiology, 45(1).
    • Hypertrophy (and 7, 19, 25, 34, 49, 51, 52)
79. Marcos-Pardo, P. J., Orquin-Castrillón, F. J., Gea-García, G. M., Menayo-Antúnez, R., González-Gálvez, N., Vale, R. G. D. S., & Martínez-Rodríguez, A. (2019). Effects of a moderate-to-high intensity resistance circuit training on fat mass, functional capacity, muscular strength, and quality of life in elderly: A randomized controlled trial. Scientific reports, 9(1), 1-12.
80. Alcaraz, P. E., Perez-Gomez, J., Chavarrias, M., & Blazevich, A. J. (2011). Similarity in adaptations to high-resistance circuit vs. traditional strength training in resistance-trained men. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(9), 2519-2527.circuit training compared traditional Strength
81. Ramos-Campo, D. J., Martínez-Guardado, I., Rubio-Arias, J. A., Freitas, T. T., Othalawa, S., Andreu, L., ... & Alcaraz, P. E. (2021). Muscle architecture and neuromuscular changes after high-resistance circuit training in hypoxia. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 35(11), 3035-3040.
82. Martínez-Guardado, I., Ramos-Campo, D. J., Olcina, G. J., Rubio-Arias, J. A., Chung, L. H., Marín-Cascales, E., ... & Timón, R. (2019). Effects of high-intensity resistance circuit-based training in hypoxia on body composition and strength performance. European Journal of Sport Science, 19(7), 941-951.
    • Load and Volume (and 18, 48, 53, 54, 75
83. Paoli, A., Pacelli, Q. F., Moro, T., Marcolin, G., Neri, M., Battaglia, G., ... & Bianco, A. (2013). Effects of high-intensity circuit training, low-intensity circuit training and endurance training on blood pressure and lipoproteins in middle-aged overweight men. Lipids in health and disease, 12(1), 1-8.
84. Ahmed, P. (2018). Comparative effect of two variations of circuit training on explosive strength, strength endurance and speed of movement of judokas.
85. Sperlich, B., Hahn, L. S., Edel, A., Behr, T., Helmprobst, J., Leppich, R., ... & Holmberg, H. C. (2018). A 4-week intervention involving mobile-based daily 6-minute micro-sessions of functional high-intensity circuit training improves strength and quality of life, but not cardio-respiratory fitness of young untrained adults. Frontiers in physiology, 9, 423. Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(12), 3405-3411.
86. Engel, F. A., Wagner, M. O., Schelhorn, F., Deubert, F., Leutzsch, S., Stolz, A., & Sperlich, B. (2019). Classroom-based micro-sessions of functional high-intensity circuit training enhances functional strength but not cardiorespiratory fitness in school children—a feasibility study. Frontiers in Public Health, 291.
87. Schmidt, D., Anderson, K., Graff, M., & Strutz, V. (2015). The effect of high-intensity circuit training on physical fitness. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 56(5), 534-540.
    • Comparing Routines (and 47, 48, 51, 73)
88. Aragao-Santos, J. C., AG, D. R. N., Nogueira, A. C., Feitosa-Neta, M. D. L., Brandao, L. H., Chaves, L. M., & ME, D. S. G. (2018). The effects of functional and traditional strength training on different strength parameters of elderly women: a randomized and controlled trial. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 59(3), 380-386.
89. Maté-Muñoz, J. L., Monroy, A. J. A., Jiménez, P. J., & Garnacho-Castaño, M. V. (2014). Effects of instability versus traditional resistance training on strength, power and velocity in untrained men. Journal of sports science & medicine, 13(3), 460.
90. Setyawan, R., Setijono, H., & Kusnanik, N. W. (2021). The Effect of Floor and Swiss Ball Exercises Using Circuit Training Methods towards Balance, Strength, Flexibility and Muscle Endurance. Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal, 3(2), 384-395.
91. Setyawan, R., Setijono, H., & Kusnanik, N. W. (2021). The Effect of Pilates Stable Device with Instability Device Using the Circuit Training Method on Balance, Flexibility, and Abdominal Muscle Strength. ФІЗИЧНЕ ВИХОВАННЯ, СПОРТ І КУЛЬТУРА ЗДОРОВ’Я У СУЧАСНОМУ СУСПІЛЬСТВІ, 96.
92. Avelar, B. P., Costa, J. N. D. A., Safons, M. P., Dutra, M. T., Bottaro, M., Gobbi, S., ... & Lima, R. M. (2016). Balance Exercises Circuit improves muscle strength, balance, and functional performance in older women. Age, 38(1), 1-11.
93. Giné-Garriga, M., Guerra, M., Pagès, E., Manini, T. M., Marí-Dell'Olmo, M., Jiménez, R., & Unnithan, V. B. (2010). The effect of functional circuit training on balance and strength in physically frail older adults. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 42(5), 144-144.
94. Ouergui, I., Houcine, N., Marzouki, H., Davis, P., Zaouali, M., Franchini, E., ... & Bouhlel, E. (2015). Development of a noncontact kickboxing circuit training protocol that simulates elite male kickboxing competition. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(12), 3405-3411.
95. Abel, M. G., Mortara, A. J., & Pettitt, R. W. (2011). Evaluation of circuit-training intensity for firefighters. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(10), 2895-2901.
96. Stanforth, P. R., Painter, T. L., & Wilmore, J. H. (1992). Alterations in Concentric Strength Consequent to Powercise and Universal Gym Circuit Training. Journal of Applied Sport Science Research, 6(4), 249-255.
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97. Taipale, R. S., Mikkola, J., Vesterinen, V., Nummela, A., & Häkkinen, K. (2013). Neuromuscular adaptations during combined strength and endurance training in endurance runners: maximal versus explosive strength training or a mix of both. European journal of applied physiology, 113(2), 325-335.
98. Taipale, R. S., Mikkola, J., Salo, T., Hokka, L., Vesterinen, V., Kraemer, W. J., ... & Häkkinen, K. (2014). Mixed maximal and explosive strength training in recreational endurance runners. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 28(3), 689-699.
99. Bachero-Mena, B., Pareja-Blanco, F., & González-Badillo, J. J. (2021). Effects of resistance training on physical performance in high-level 800-meter athletes: A comparison between high-speed resistance training and circuit training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 35(7), 1905-1915.
100. Maniazhagu, D., Kannadasan, M., & Malar, M. S. (2017). Effects of explosive strength and strength endurance Based circuit training on speed performance. International Journal of Research–GRANTHAALAYAH.
101. Sridhar, K. S., & Maniazhagu, D. (2018). Effects of explosive strength and strength endurance based circuit training on explosive power. JETIR, 5(11), 105-109.
102. Kumar, R., & Kumar, H. (2005). Effect of six-weeks of plyometric circuit training on the jumping performance of female college players. Journal of Exercise Science and Physiotherapy, 1, 46-59.
103. Diswar, S. K., Choudhary, S., & Mitra, S. (2016). Comparative effect of SAQ and circuit training programme on selected physical fitness variables of school level basketball players. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health, 3(5), 247-250.
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104. Marín-Pagán, C., Blazevich, A. J., Chung, L. H., Romero-Arenas, S., Freitas, T. T., & Alcaraz, P. E. (2020). Acute physiological responses to high-intensity resistance circuit training vs. traditional strength training in soccer players. Biology, 9(11), 383.
105. Márquez, G., Romero‐Arenas, S., Marín‐Pagán, C., Vera‐Ibañez, A., Fernandez Del Olmo, M., & Taube, W. (2017). Peripheral and central fatigue after high intensity resistance circuit training. Muscle & Nerve, 56(1), 152-159.
106. Alcaraz, P. E., Sánchez-Lorente, J., & Blazevich, A. J. (2008). Physical performance and cardiovascular responses to an acute bout of heavy resistance circuit training versus traditional strength training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(3), 667-671.
107. Deminice, R., Sicchieri, T., Mialich, M. S., Milani, F., Ovidio, P. P., & Jordao, A. A. (2011). Oxidative stress biomarker responses to an acute session of hypertrophy-resistance traditional interval training and circuit training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(3), 798-804.
108. Johnson, S., Burns, S., & Azevedo, K. (2013). Effects of exercise sequence in resistance-training on strength, speed, and agility in high school football players. International Journal of Exercise Science, 6(2), 5.
109. Messier, S. P., & Dill, M. E. (1985). Alterations in strength and maximal oxygen uptake consequent to Nautilus circuit weight training. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 56(4), 345-351.
110. Brentano, M. A., Cadore, E. L., Da Silva, E. M., Ambrosini, A. B., Coertjens, M., Petkowicz, R., ... & Kruel, L. F. (2008). Physiological adaptations to strength and circuit training in postmenopausal women with bone loss. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(6), 1816-1825.
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111. Cardozo, D. C., De Salles, B. F., Mannarino, P., Vasconcelos, A. P. S., Miranda, H., Willardson, J. M., & Simão, R. (2019). The effect of exercise order in circuit training on muscular strength and functional fitness in older women. International journal of exercise science, 12(4), 657.
112. Da Silva, R. L., Brentano, M. A., & Kruel, L. F. M. (2010). Effects of different strength training methods on postexercise energetic expenditure. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(8), 2255-2260.
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113. Gordon, N. F., Kohl, H. W., Villegas, J. A., Pickett, K. P., Vaandrager, H., & Duncan, J. J. (1989). Effect of rest interval duration on cardiorespiratory responses to hydraulic resistance circuit training. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention, 9(8), 325-330.
114. Monteiro, W. D., Simão, R., Polito, M. D., Santana, C. A., Chaves, R. B., Bezerra, E., & Fleck, S. J. (2008). Influence of strength training on adult women's flexibility. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(3), 672-677.
115. Ramos-Campo, D. J., Rubio-Arias, J. Á., Freitas, T. T., Camacho, A., Jiménez-Diaz, J. F., & Alcaraz, P. E. (2017). Acute physiological and performance responses to high-intensity resistance circuit training in hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(4), 1040-1047.
116. Ramos‐Campo, D. J., Martínez‐Guardado, I., Olcina, G., Marín‐Pagán, C., Martínez‐Noguera, F. J., Carlos‐Vivas, J., ... & Rubio, J. Á. (2018). Effect of high‐intensity resistance circuit‐based training in hypoxia on aerobic performance and repeat sprint ability. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 28(10), 2135-2143.
117. Vieira, S. G., Sillero-Quintana, M., da Silva, A. G., Marins, K. O., & Marins, J. C. B. (2020). Thermographic response resulting from strength training: A preliminary study. Apunts Sports Medicine, 55(208), 120-127.
118. Jeong, J., Choi, D. H., Song, Y., & Shin, C. S. (2020). Muscle Strength Training Alters Muscle Activation of the Lower Extremity during Side-Step Cutting in Females. Journal of Motor Behavior, 52(6), 703-712.